金川公司矿业废弃地植被恢复特征及其影响因素  

Vegetation Restoration Characteristics and Influencing Factors on Mining Waste Lands of Jinchuan Company

作　　者：刘荣霞 王健鸿 张智慧 孟生威 龙冰凌 虎瑞 LIU Rongxia;WANG Jianhong;ZHANG Zhihui;MENG Shengwei;LONG Bingling;HU Rui(Jinchang Jujia Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang Gansu 737100,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China;Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Zhongwei Ningxia 755000,China)

机构地区：[1]金昌居佳生态农业有限公司,甘肃金昌737100 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,宁夏中卫755000

出　　处：《甘肃林业科技》2024年第2期10-16,63,共8页Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：金川集团股份有限公司重大科技攻关项目(JKQGJJ23Z202302)。

摘　　要：生物多样性是衡量矿山植被恢复力的重要指标之一。以金川矿区内不同矿业废弃地为研究对象,通过野外样方调查各矿业废弃地的植物物种组成和多样性特征,并进一步对土壤理化属性进行分析。结果表明:1)不同恢复阶段的样地在植物物种组成上表现出显著差异。固废堆样地(ST2)中灌木物种较多,矿山公园外围样地(ST1)草本物种最为丰富。此外,刺沙蓬是矿业废弃地的主要草本物种,沙冬青和珍珠猪毛菜则是其优势灌木物种;2)随着恢复年限的增长,灌木层多样性减少,草本层多样性增加。ST1样地草本层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Simpson多样性指数显著高于固废堆样地,灌木层则相反;3)ST1样地土壤全碳、全氮含量显著高于其余两个样地,ST2样地重金属含量镍、铜、锌、钴、铅含量显著高于其余两个样地。植物多样性与土壤养分呈密切的正相关关系,植被的恢复与土壤的质量相互协同变化,相互影响。Biodiversity indicators are one of the important metrics for assessing the resilience of mine vegetation restoration.This study surveyed plant species composition and diversity characteristics of different mining wastelands in the Jinchuan mining area,based on field plot surveys,and further analyzed physicochemical properties of the soil in these wastelands.The results showed that:1)there are significant differences in plant diversity among plots at different restoration stages.Waste dump sites had more shrub species,while the periphery plots of the mining park had the richest herbaceous species.Additionally,Salsola ruthenica was the main herbaceous species in the mining wastelands,while Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Salsola passerina were the dominant shrub species;2)With the increase in restoration years,the diversity of the shrub layer decreased,while that of the herbaceous layer increased.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')and Simpson diversity index of the herbaceous layer in the peripheral sites of the mining park were significantly higher than those in the waste dumps,while the opposite for the shrub layer;3)The total soil carbon and nitrogen contents of the peripheral sites in the mining park were significantly higher than those of the other two sites,while the heavy metal contents(nickel,copper,zinc,cobalt,lead)of the waste dump sites were significantly higher than those of the other two sites.There is a close positive correlation between vegetation diversity and soil nutrients,indicating that the recovery of vegetation and the quality of soil change synergistically and influence each other.

关 键 词：矿业废弃地 植物多样性指数 土壤理化特性 植被恢复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]