贵阳市社区老年人死亡认知及影响因素的质性研究  

A qualitative study on the death cognition and influencing factors ofthe elderly in Guiyang community

作　　者：王先美 刘志燕 邓婕[2] 王芸芸 熊吴燕 邹惠美 肖霓 Wang Xianmei;Liu Zhiyan;Deng Jie;Wang Yunyun;Xiong Wuyan;Zhou Huimei;Xiao Ni(Nursing School of Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,Guizhou,China;Key laboratory of endemic and ethnic diseases,ministry of education,Guizhou medical university,Guiyang 561113,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学护理学院,贵州贵阳561113 [2]贵州医科大学地方病与少数民族疾病教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳561113

出　　处：《贵州医药》2024年第7期1034-1037,共4页Guizhou Medical Journal

基　　金：2020年贵州医科大学护理学科专项科研项目;贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2022-489);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般490)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年人对死亡的认知及影响因素。方法运用描述性现象学研究方法,采用最大差异选样,从不同文化层次进行抽样,资料饱和后再增加2例,最终纳入11名社区老年人进行面对面半结构式访谈,对所得资料采用内容分析法及主题分析法,编码采用手工编码和Nvivo 12软件相结合的方式。结果贵阳市社区老年人的死亡认知归纳为:回避死亡;被动的应对死亡,表现为应对死亡的无力感、无助感;对死亡过程未知性、不可预见性充满恐惧感;优死的需求在生理上主要表现在身体少受痛苦,心理上主要表现为追求内心的宁静和对家人关爱与陪伴的渴求;欠和睦的家庭关系、薄弱的家庭经济、争强好胜的性格特质、身体状况的好坏和年纪的大小是影响老年人死亡态度的重要因素。结论在健康老龄化背景下,应在社区开展死亡教育,引导老年人关注“优死”,帮助老年人更好地理解生命的意义、树立正确的生死观,打破死亡的神秘色彩,减轻老年人应对死亡的自我感受负担,以更加积极的心态应对死亡。Objective To explore the death cognition and influencing factors of the elderly in Guiyang community.Methods Descriptive qualitative studies be used in this study,11 community elderly in Guiyang community were included based on purposive sampling method.All data were analyzed according to content analysis and encoded by manual coding and NVivo 12 software.Results Through analysis,the death attitudes of the elderly in Guiyang community can be summarized as follows;Avoiding death;Dealing with death passively and powerlessly and helplessly;Fearing of the unknowability and unpredictability in the death process;The need for euthanasia was mainly manifested in less pain to the body physically and in the pursuit of inner peace and the desire for family love and companionship psychologically;Poor family relations,weak family economy,competitive personality traits,physical condition and age were important factors affect the death attitude of the elderly.Conclusions In the context of healthy aging,carrying out death education in the community to help the elderly better understand the meaning of life,guiding the elderly to pay attention to the euthanasia,establishing a correct outlook on life and death,facing death with a more positive attitude,and reducing the self feeling burden of the elderly in dealing with death.

关 键 词：社区 老年人 死亡态度 生命 质性研究 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]