氮肥对饲用小黑麦生产性能及营养品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on production performance and nutritional quality of forage triticale

作　　者：明雪花 王斌[1,2] 王腾飞 马霞 张译尹[1,2] 赵小娜 兰剑 MING Xuehua;WANG Bin;WANG Tengfei;MA Xia;ZHANG Yiyin;ZHAO Xiaona;LAN Jian(College of Forestry and Grass,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林草学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期27-35,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏抗旱节水优质饲草新品种选育与良种繁育项目(2019NYYZ0402)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮肥对饲用小黑麦生产性能和营养品质的影响,确定宁夏雨养区饲用小黑麦的最佳氮肥施用量,为饲用小黑麦的高效生产和可持续发展提供参考。【方法】2021-2022年,以‘晋饲草1号’饲用小黑麦为试验材料,在宁夏固原市原州区曹堡村进行大田试验,研究氮肥不同施用量(0 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(1),对照),75 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(2)),150 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(3))和225 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(4)))对饲用小黑麦生产性能和氮肥偏生产力以及营养品质的影响,并分析生产性能与营养品质间的相关性,最后采用主成分分析法对不同氮肥处理饲用小黑麦的农艺性状和营养品质进行综合评价。【结果】2021-2022年,施氮肥处理的饲用小黑麦株高、叶茎比、叶片数和叶面积均高于未施氮肥处理,其中F_(3)处理的上述所有指标均最高。2021年和2022年,随着氮肥施用量的增加,饲用小黑麦粗灰分含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均呈降低趋势,粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中F_(3)处理的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均较低,粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均最高。2021年和2022年,随着氮肥施用量的增加,饲用小黑麦干草产量和粗蛋白产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,饲用小黑麦氮肥偏生产力呈降低趋势,其中F_(3)处理饲用小黑麦的干草产量和粗蛋白产量均显著高于其他处理。相关性分析结果显示,饲用小黑麦的干草产量与株高、叶片数、粗蛋白产量以及粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),叶茎比与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。不同氮肥处理对饲用小黑麦生产性能及营养品质综合评价得分由高到低为F_(3)>F_(2)>F_(4)>F_(1)。【结论】当氮肥施用量为150 kg/hm ^(2)时,饲用小黑麦生长指标、生产性能及营养品质总体均较优,为宁夏雨养区饲用小黑【Objective】The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on production performance and nutritional quality of forage triticale were studied to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate of forage triticale in rain-fed area of Ningxia,so as to provide reference for efficient production and sustainable deve-lopment of forage triticale.【Method】From 2021 to 2022,a field experiment with forage triticale‘Jinsicao No.1’was carried out in Caobao Village of Yuanzhou District.The effects of different nitrogen application rates including 0 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(1),control),75 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(2)),150 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(3))and 225 kg/hm ^(2)(F_(4))on production performance,nitrogen partial productivity and nutritional quality of forage triticale were studied.The correlation between production performance and nutritional quality was analyzed.Principal component analysis was also used to comprehensively evaluate agronomic traits and nutritional quality of forage triticale treated with different nitrogen fertilizers.【Result】From 2021 to 2022,plant height,leaf stem ratio,leaf number and leaf area of forage triticale treated with nitrogen fertilizer were higher than those without nitrogen fertilizer.F_(3) treatment had the highest values of above indexes.With the increase of nitrogen app-lication rate,crude ash content of forage triticale decreased first and then increased,contents of crude fat,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased,while crude protein content and relative feeding value increased first and then decreased.F_(3) had lower contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,but highest crude protein content and relative feeding value.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,hay yield and crude protein yield of forage triticale increased first and then decreased,while partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of forage triticale decreased.The hay yield and crude protein yield of F_(3) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The correlatio

关 键 词：饲用小黑麦 氮施施用 农艺性状 营养品质 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S543.6[农业科学—作物学]