不同施肥处理对茶树容器大苗生长的影响  

Effect of different fertilization treatments on growth of large container seedlings of tea plants

作　　者：程耀华 张思琪 李春玉 黄楚轩 王雨菱 钟成虎 李叶云 CHENG Yaohua;ZHANG Siqi;LI Chunyu;HUANG Chuxuan;WANG Yuling;ZHONG Chenghu;LI Yeyun(State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization,College of Tea and Food Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230000,China;Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chizhou,Anhui 247100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学茶与食品科技学院,茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230000 [2]茂施农业科技有限公司,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第8期91-100,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(202203a06020014);安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2020-080);安徽省大学生创新创业计划项目(S202210364010)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥处理对茶树容器大苗生长的影响,获取最优的底肥配比和叶面肥组合,为茶树容器大苗培育技术的完善提供参考。【方法】在2022-05-01至2022-12-15,以1年生龙井43容器大苗为试验对象,设置3个底肥处理,其中对照(CK)为复合肥(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=20∶20∶20)滴灌处理,SRF1(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=15∶15∶15)和SRF2(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=15∶10∶15)为缓释肥拌入轻基质,同时配合喷施5 g/L的尿素处理;设置4种叶面肥喷施处理,其中WT为清水对照,LF1为5 g/L的尿素,LF2为5 g/L的尿素+1.25 g/L的磷酸二氢钾混合液,LF3为5 g/L的尿素+1.25 g/L的氨基酸肥混合液,叶面肥处理组均采用复合肥(5 g/L)与腐植酸水溶肥(0.11 mL/L)进行滴灌。测定茶苗2轮新梢物候期、新梢形态指标(新梢展叶数、新梢长度、新梢最大节间长和叶面积)、新梢鲜质量和干质量,2轮新梢结束后检测茶苗分枝指标(分枝总数、短枝数、长枝数、一级侧枝数和一级侧枝粗度)、生长量(苗高、地径、地上干质量、地下干质量、高径比和根冠比)以及光合生理指标(叶绿素含量指数、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率),分析不同底肥和叶面肥处理对茶树容器大苗生长的影响。【结果】与CK组相比,缓释肥处理组茶苗新梢物候期提前了2~6 d,SRF2组展叶时间较SRF1组更早;缓释肥处理组2轮茶苗的新梢展叶数、新梢长度、新梢最大节间长及第1轮新梢叶面积与CK组均无显著差异,但第2轮茶苗新梢叶面积在SRF2组有显著增加;茶苗第1轮新梢鲜质量和干质量均显著增加,但第2轮仅在SRF2组有显著增加;茶苗的长枝数、苗高、地径、地上干质量、地下干质量仅SRF2组显著增加,缓释肥处理组茶苗的分枝总数、短枝数、一级侧枝数、一级侧枝粗度、高径比和根冠比较CK组无显著差异;缓释肥处理组叶绿素含量�【Objective】The effects of different fertilization treatments on growth of large container seedlings were studied and the optimal combination of base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer was obtained to provide reference for the improvement of cultivation technology of large container seedlings of tea plants.【Method】From May 1 to December 15,2022,1-year-old container seedlings of Longjing 43 were cultivated with three base fertilizer treatments and four foliar fertilizer spraying treatments.For base fertilizer treatments,the control group was drip irrigation treatment with compound fertilizer(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=20∶20∶20),while SRF1(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=15∶15∶15)and SRF2(m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)=15∶10∶15)were slow-release fertilizers mixed into light matrix treatment in combination with spraying with 5 g/L urea.For foliar fertilizer spraying treatments,WT was water control,LF1 was 5 g/L urea,LF2 was 5 g/L urea+1.25 g/L KH 2PO 4,and LF3 was 5 g/L urea+1.25 g/L amino acid fertilizer.The foliar fertilizer treatments were treated with compound fertilizer(5 g/L)and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer(0.11 mL/L)for drip irrigation.The two rounds of new shoots phenological period,morphological indexes(leaf number,shoot length,maximum internode length and leaf area),fresh weight and dry weight of tea seedlings were measured.After two rounds of new shoots,the branching indexes(total number of branches,number of short branches,number of long branches,number of first-level lateral branches and thickness of first-level lateral branches),growth(seedling height,ground diameter,aboveground dry weight,underground dry weight,height-diameter ratio and root-shoot ratio)and photosynthetic physiological indexes(chlorophyll content index,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration and transpiration rate)were measured to analyze the effects of different base and foliar fertilizer treatments on growth of tea container seedlings.【Result】Compared with

关 键 词：茶树栽培 配方施肥 龙井43 容器大苗 

分 类 号：S571.104.3[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]