先天不足 后天乏力——南京国民政府初期蒙藏教育司的设立及其发展困境  

Congenital Deficiency,Acquired Weakness--Difficulties in the Establishment and Early Development of the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Education during the Early Republic of China

作　　者：喻永庆 欧其尔洛 YU Yong-qing;Ou-qi Er-luo

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学教育学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第2期37-45,213,共10页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“抗战时期国立边疆学校与‘中华民族’观念培育研究(1931—1945)”(项目编号:23CMZ005)段性成果。

摘　　要：教育部蒙藏教育司作为南京国民政府时期蒙藏教育的最高管理机构,其提出是蒙藏委员会克服重重困难后积极运作的结果。自筹设以来,面对预算经费的缺失,蒙藏教育司不得不采取缩减机构与人员兼职的形式运行,这也导致该司职权难以充分发挥,诸事依赖他人。之后蒙藏教育的实施,早已确定的蒙藏班与蒙藏学校因经费迟迟未能拨发而无法开办,一些组织与机构也由此参与到蒙藏教育的兴办中来,蒙藏教育司的领导权开始遭到蚕食。蒙藏教育在管理上形成的这一种分而治之的态势,直至全面抗战爆发才得到根本改善,极大地制约了蒙藏教育事业的推进。蒙藏教育司早期的诸多困境,映射出南京国民政府初期蒙藏教育发展的实况,这是在边疆观与民族观重塑的时代,不同组织、机构与个人对于新生的蒙藏教育认识上的差异导致的。The Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Education of Ministry of Education was the highest management agency for Mongolian and Tibetan education during the Nanjing National Government.Its proposal was the result of the active operation of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Committee after overcoming numerous difficulties.However,since its establishment,the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Education has had to reduce its organization and employ part-time stall lor management in the face of lack of budget funds,which has also made it difficult for the department to give full play to its powers and responsibilities,and relied on others for system drafting.Later,during the implementation of Mongolian and Tibetan education,the Mongolian and Tibetan classes and schools that had already been determined,were not established due to lack of funds.Some organizations and institutions also participated in it.The authority of the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Education was constantly eroded,and the Mongolian and Tibetan education was forced to become a multi-party management situation.This situation was not fundamentally improved until the outbreak of the all-out Anti-Japanese War,which greatly restricted the advancement of Mongolian and Tibetan education.The many early difficulties of the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Education reflected the actual development of Mongolian and Tibetan education in the early days of the Nanjing National Government.This reflected the understanding of the nascent of Mongolian and Tibetan education by different organizations,institutions and individuals in an era of reshaping frontier and ethnic concepts.

关 键 词：蒙藏教育司 民国教育 蒙藏委员会 蒙藏教育 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]