火灾环境下的超高层建筑标准层疏散走道优化设计  

Optimization Design of Evacuation Walk for Standard Floors of Super High-Rise Buildings Caught in Fire

作　　者：张彤彤 樊乐 吴苏皖 肖靖 ZHANG Tongtong;FAN Le;WU Suwan;XIAO Jing(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518000,China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518000,China;Lab for Optmizing Design of Built Environment,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室,广东深圳518000 [2]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院,广东深圳518000 [3]深圳市建筑环境优化设计研究重点实验室,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第3期54-59,65,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“耦合残障人群行进行为特征的地铁站内疏散空间适配优化研究”(52278027);亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室项目“基于性能化防火的超高层建筑典型空间优化设计研究”(2023ZB11);广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度一般项目(GD23CYS05);深圳大学教学改革一般项目(JG2023106)。

摘　　要：超高层建筑消防疏散问题凸显,现行规范针对疏散走道设计的约束方式仅规定其宽度的最小值,未考虑实际使用人数及空间形态对疏散肌理的影响,其疏散效率难以保证。为提高超高层标准层疏散效率,厘清并建立疏散走道的设计方式及量化指标对人员疏散效率的影响机制,该文以广州利通广场为例抽取原型,通过研究典型标准层烟气蔓延和人员疏散的特点,针对疏散走道的拥堵问题,对其疏散宽度进行不同区域的放大,提出两种疏散走道拓宽模式。使用烟气模拟软件Pyrosim和疏散模拟软件Pathfinder,对其进行火灾环境下人员疏散的模拟,获取烟气蔓延和疏散数据,探寻人员疏散的规律,通过改变各走道拓宽模式下的宽度数值,明确相对合理的走道拓宽设计方式及面积指标,结合超高层标准层一般设计原则,优化设计方案,提出经济、高效的疏散走道空间设计,提升超高层建筑整体疏散效率,为超高层标准层疏散走道设计规范提供指导。The issue of fire evacuation in super high-rise buildings is prominent.The current regulations only limit the minimum width of evacuation walk,without fully considering the impact of actual user numbers and spa⁃tial forms on evacuation efficiency.Therefore,they are unable to ensure the effectiveness of fire evacuation.In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of super high-rise standard floors,clarify and establish the influence mechanism of the form and width of evacuation walk on the personnel evacuation efficiency,taking Guangzhou Litong Plaza as an example,two evacuation walk widening modes for comparative simulation experiments are pro⁃posed by researching the characteristics of smoke spread and personnel evacuation of standard floors,and amplify⁃ing the evacuation width of evacuation walk with different zones in response to the problem of evacuation walk con⁃gestion.Pyrosim and Pathfinder are used to simulate personnel evacuation under fire environment for the two pre⁃plans to obtain smoke spread and evacuation data and to explore the rule of personnel evacuation.By changing the widths of the two evacuations walk widening modes,the relatively reasonable evacuation walk widening modes and indicators are defined,and the design scheme is optimized based on the general design principles of the standard floor of super high-rise buildings.A relatively economical and efficient evacuation walk design is proposed to im⁃prove the overall evacuation efficiency of super high-rise buildings and provide guidance for the evacuation walk design specifications of the standard floor of super high-rise buildings.

关 键 词：超高层建筑 标准层 火灾环境 疏散走道 优化设计 

分 类 号：TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5