区域产业结构对灾后恢复韧性的影响——以汶川县和北川县为例  

The Impact of Regional Industrial Structure on Resilience to Postdisaster Recovery:A Case Study in Wenchuan and Beichuan Counties of China

作　　者：刘天雪[1,2] 王瑛[1,2] 陈宇 常昊[1,2] LIU Tianxue;WANG Ying;CHEN Yu;CHANG Hao(Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal Univer-sity,Beijing 100875,China;Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management,Ministry of Emer-gency Management and Ministry of Education,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第3期72-78,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“面向地质灾害防御的国土空间韧性评估与智能检测”(2023YFC3007200)。

摘　　要：灾后恢复是评价地震恢复韧性的重要指标。不同的区域经济产业所提供的就业数量存在差异,将对灾后恢复韧性产生极大影响。该文基于5.12汶川地震中受灾最严重的汶川县和北川县共736户受灾家庭的灾后恢复调查,研究了区域产业结构对恢复韧性的影响。研究表明:北川的家庭生活恢复滞后汶川近2年,主要是由于北川的外地务工家庭比例(49.60%)高于汶川(5.79%),这些受灾家庭恢复重建的主要资金来源是外地务工,但家庭成员长期外出不能参与恢复重建,造成其灾后恢复缓慢。外地务工家庭比例高的原因是北川第一产业占比高达27.20%,汶川仅为8.40%,第一产业所提供的本地就业数量远低于第二产业。因此,农业产业为主地区是灾后恢复最缺乏韧性的地区,需要大力提高防灾减灾能力,也可以通过产业结构调整,提高韧性。Post-disaster recovery is an important indicator for evaluating the resilience of earthquake recov⁃ery.The difference in the number of jobs provided by different regional economic sectors would have a significant impact on the resilience of post-disaster recovery.With longitudinal,parcel-level data on household units that are gathered in a survey in the Wenchuan(N=363)and Beichuan(N=373)Counties,which are the counties most af⁃fected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China,the effect of regional industrial structure on the resilience of earthquake recovery is explored.The results reveal that during the recovery process,the cumulative recovery rate of Beichuan is consistently lower than that of Wenchuan because of the different numbers of migrant-worker house⁃holds whose recovery velocities much slower than those of local-worker households.The main source of funding for the recovery and reconstruction of these affected families is to be migrant workers,but family members are unable to participate in the recovery and reconstruction for a long time,resulting in slow recovery from the disaster.There are more than eight times as many migrant-worker households in Beichuan(49.60%)than those in Wenchuan(5.79%)due to their different regional industrial structure.The primary industry in Beichuan accounts for 27.20%,while in Wenchuan the ratio of the primary industry is 8.40%.With primary industries as the main type of industry,Beichuan has a relatively higher surplus labor force,whose members are by necessity migrant work⁃ers.Although the earthquake has a relatively small impact on agriculture,it is extremely difficult to obtain funds for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction because of the low and single source of household income in areas with developed agricultural industries,making these areas the least resilient and most difficult to recover.There⁃fore,it is necessary to vigorously improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities,and we can also improve resilience through industrial restructuring.

关 键 词：韧性 灾后恢复 产业结构 汶川县 北川县 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5