种植方式对马铃薯生长及根区土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of planting patterns on potato growth and soil bacterial community structure in root zone

作　　者：张慧菊 田敏 杨明愈 刘海怡 林原 柳蓉 秦玉芝[1,2,3] 熊兴耀 胡新喜 ZHANG Huiju;TIAN Min;YANG Mingyu;LIU Haiyi;LIN Yuan;LIU Rong;QIN Yuzhi;XIONG Xingyao;HU Xinxi(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518120,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [4]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518120

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期17-26,40,共11页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：农业部和财政部现代农业技术产业体系(CARS–09–ES16);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指[2023]98号)。

摘　　要：以‘华薯5号’为材料,于2022、2023年在湖南省株洲市开展大田栽培试验,研究不同种植方式对马铃薯生长、土壤化学性质及细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:高产高效方式(种植密度为82500株/hm^(2),施硫酸钾复合肥1125 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥1500 kg/hm^(2)、生物酶活化磷肥750 kg/hm^(2)、40%硫酸锌15 kg/hm^(2))的株高、茎粗高于农民方式(种植密度为67500株/hm^(2),施750kg/hm^(2)硫酸钾复合肥)和高产方式(种植密度为75000株/hm^(2),施1500 kg/hm^(2)硫酸钾复合肥);2022、2023年高产高效方式的产量分别为28.78、46.83 t/hm^(2),显著高于农民方式和高产方式的;高产高效方式的土壤pH、有机质(SOM)含量和脲酶活性均显著高于农民方式和高产方式的;高产方式显著提高了土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量;采用高通量测序对不同种植方式马铃薯根区土壤细菌群落结构进行分析,结果表明,高产方式的OTUs、Chao1指数最高;主成分分析表明,农民方式与高产方式、高产高效方式的细菌群落组成差异较大,高产高效方式门水平上Proteobacteria和Deferribacterota相对丰度及属水平上Mucispirillum和Lactobacillus相对丰度均高于农民方式和高产方式;RDA分析表明,土壤pH、N、P、K、有机质含量及土壤脲酶活性是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因子;SEM分析表明,土壤pH和SOM、N、P、K含量是提高马铃薯产量和改变土壤细菌多样性的主要驱动因子。综上所述,与农民方式、高产方式相比,高产高效方式能促进马铃薯植株生长,缓解土壤酸化和提高有机质含量,增加根区土壤细菌主要优势门的相对丰度,显著增加块茎产量。Using‘Huashu No.5’as material,field cultivation experiments were carried out in Zhuzhou City,Hunan Province in 2022 and 2023 to study the effects of different planting patterns on potato growth,soil chemical properties and bacterial community structure.The results showed that the high yield and high efficiency pattern(planting density of 82500 plants/hm^(2),1125 kg/hm^(2)potassium sulfate compound fertilizer,1500 kg/hm^(2)organic fertilizer,750 kg/hm^(2)bioenzyme activated phosphate fertilizer and 40%zinc sulfate 15 kg/hm^(2))had higher plant height and stem diameter than the farmer pattern(planting density of 67500 plants/hm^(2)and 750 kg/hm^(2)potassium sulfate compound fertilizer)and highyield pattern(planting density of 75000 plants/hm^(2)and 1500 kg/hm^(2)potassium sulfate compound fertilizer).The yield of high-yield and high-efficiency pattern were 28.78 and 46.83 t/hm^(2),in 2022 and 2023 respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the farmer pattern and high-yield pattern.The soil pH,organic matter(SOM)content and urease activity of high yield and high efficiency pattern were significantly higher than those of the farmer pattern and high yield pattern,and the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil of the high yield pattern were significantly increased.High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze soil bacterial community structure in potato root zone of different patterns,the results showed that the OTUs number,Chao1 index of the high yield pattern were the highest.Principal component analysis showed that the bacterial community composition of these three patterns was quite different.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Deferribacterota at the phylum level and Mucispirillum and Lactobacillus at the genus level in the high yield and efficiency pattern were the highest.Redundancy analysis showed that soil pH,N,P,K,SOM contents and soil urease activity were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial community structure.SEM

关 键 词：马铃薯 种植方式 密度 肥料 产量 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S532.01[农业科学—作物学]