论唐宋转型视域下的伦理危机  

Ethical Crisis in the Context of the Tang-Song Transition

作　　者：胡长海 HU Chang-hai(School of Marxism,Central South University,Changsha 410082,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期85-91,共7页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“宋明理学异端观研究”(项目编号:22BZX071)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：唐宋转型时期,社会经济结构发生根本变化,均田制为基础的国有土地制度瓦解,转化为中小地主主导的小农经济。社会上层制度与儒家文化也相应地顺应变革,适应新的时代需要。因而,在转型变革时代,旧有的社会秩序遭到破坏,而新的社会秩序没有完全建立,引发了系列的伦理危机。具体体现在基于土地变革加速佛老盛行与经学衰微而形成的儒家信仰危机;基于小农经济结构重构而引发的夫妇、父子、兄弟等家庭伦理秩序危机;以及政治秩序变革中国家礼制、皇族礼制、基层社会伦理秩序失序。伦理危机的根源在于土地制度变革引发的从文化到制度的系列社会变革,诱发新旧交替时代的伦理缺位。儒家伦理危机推动了天理论、道统论等理学理论体系的建构,凸显了宋代儒学发展的现实观照。The Tang-Song transitional was marked by profound transformations in the socio-economic structure,witnessing the disintegration of the state-owned land system based on land allocation among citizens and a transition to an agrarian economy dominated by small and medium landowners.The upper-level social systems and Confucian culture evolved to align with these changes,catering to the demands of the new era.In this transformative period,the dissolution of the established social order and the incomplete establishment of a new one gave rise to a cascade of ethical crises.These crises were particularly evident in the crisis of Confucian faith,precipitated by the rapid spread of Buddhism and Taoism against a backdrop of waning classical scholarship,which was closely tied to land reforms.Additionally,the reconfiguration of the agrarian economic structure led to a crisis in the ethical order within the family,affecting relationships such as those between husbands and wives,fathers and sons,and brothers.The upheaval in the political order further resulted in the disarray of state rituals,imperial protocols,and the ethical norms of grassroots society.The ethical crisis is fundamentally attributed to the societal changes set in motion by the land system reform,which spanned from cultural to institutional levels,creating an ethical void as society navigated the shift from old to new.The crisis in Confucian ethics catalyzed the development of Neo-Confucian theoretical frameworks,such as the theory of heavenly principles and the doctrine of orthodoxy,underscoring the pragmatic focus of Confucian scholarship during Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：唐宋变革 信仰危机 家庭伦理 社会失序 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]