特优蔬菜苏芡与多类旱生蔬菜优质高效轮作新模式  

A New High-quality and Efficient Rotation Mode for Special Vegetable of Suzhou Euryales ferox with Multiple Types of Dry-growing Vegetables

作　　者：谢巧泉 周晓东[2] 徐建国 鲍忠洲 刘传铄 蒋春华 潘复生 朱燕 XIE Qiaoquan;ZHOU Xiaodong;XU Jianguo;BAO Zhongzhou;LIU Chuanshuo;JIANG Chunhua;PAN Fusheng;ZHU Yan(Suzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Suzhou 215006,China;Suzhou Fisheries Technology Extension Station,Suzhou 215006,China;Suzhou Chenghu Modern Science and Technology Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215125,China;Suzhou Shengyuan Research Center of Aquatic Vegetable Technology,Suzhou 215217,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市农业技术推广中心,江苏苏州215006 [2]苏州市水产技术推广站,江苏苏州215006 [3]苏州澄湖现代科技生态农业发展有限责任公司,江苏苏州215125 [4]苏州市生元水生蔬菜技术研究中心,江苏苏州215217

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第7期77-80,共4页Vegetables

基　　金：苏州市科技创新项目专项(SNG2021002)。

摘　　要：由于芡实全生育期仅为半年左右,扣除育苗期,在田生长期较短,为解决种植芡实的土地利用效率低的问题,探索了苏芡与小白菜、菜薹、甘蓝、花椰菜等多类旱生蔬菜进行水旱轮作的高效种植模式,在苏芡采收后,通过合理安排后茬旱生蔬菜种植,包括选择适宜种植的作物种类、明确播种时间、整地及精确水肥管理等技术,不仅可以减少病虫害的发生,改善土壤结构,提高土地利用率;同时,可以增加土地单位面积产出率,实现平均每667 m^(2)产值2万元左右,每667 m^(2)平均增收3870元的效益,比传统单茬种植芡实平均增收24.6%,实现了“减肥减药”和“增效增收”,市场发展前景十分广阔。Due to the fact that the entire growth period of Euryales ferox is only about half a year,excluding the seedling period,the field growth period is relatively short.To solve the problem of low land use efficiency in planting Euryales ferox,an efficient planting mode of paddy-upland rotation was explored between Euryales ferox and multiple types of dry-growing vegetables such as pak choi,flowering Chinese cabbage,cabbage and cauliflower.After harvesting the Euryales ferox,by reasonably arranging the planting measures of dry-growing vegetables,including selecting suitable crop types,clarifying sowing time,land preparation,and precise water and fertilizer management,not only could the occurrence of diseases and pests be reduced,soil structure be improved,and land use efficiency be improved,but also the yield per unit area of land could be increased.The average output value was about 20000 yuan per 667 m^(2),and the average income increased 3870 yuan per 667 m^(2),which was 24.6%higher than the average income of traditional single crop planting of Euryales ferox.This not only achieved reduction of fertilizers and pesticides and increase of efficiency and benefit,but also had a broad market development prospect.

关 键 词：芡实 特优蔬菜 水旱轮作 栽培 模式 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] S344.1[农业科学—园艺学]