冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田沟金针虫垂直活动特征  

Vertical Activity Characteristics of Pleonomus Canaliculatus in Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Rotation Fields

作　　者：赵花荣[1,2,3] 任三学 齐月[4] 张玲 田晓丽[3] 杨超 胡丽丽 Zhao Huarong;Ren Sanxue;Qi Yue;Zhang Ling;Tian Xiaoli;Yang Chao;Hu Lili(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Henan Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorological Support and Applied Technique,CMA,ZhengZhou 450003;Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station,Baoding 072656;Institute of Arid Meteorology of CMA/Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020;Gansu Meteorological Information and Technical Equip Safeguard Center,Lanzhou 730020;Baoding Meteorological Bureau of Hebei,Baoding 071000)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [3]河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站,保定072656 [4]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所·甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室·中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [5]甘肃省气象信息与装备保障中心,兰州730020 [6]河北省保定市气象局,保定071000

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2024年第4期467-479,共13页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：河南省气象局农业气象保障与应用技术开放研究基金项目(AMF202007);甘肃省气象局干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202315);国家自然科学基金项目(42071402)。

摘　　要：基于河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站2019—2020年、2021—2022年冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田沟金针虫在土壤中分层调查数据,引入虫口重量指标,结合虫口密度指标,揭示沟金针虫在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田为害-休眠动态变化,讨论沟金针虫在土壤中垂直活动特征、气象条件与其相关性以及对冬小麦产量影响。结果表明:沟金针虫在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田存在3个为害期和3个休眠期,且交替出现。3个为害期出现在冬小麦返青-拔节期、夏玉米幼苗期、冬小麦秋苗期,3个休眠期出现在冬小麦越冬期、冬小麦成熟-收获期、夏玉米灌浆-成熟期,3个为害期中以冬小麦返青-拔节期最为严重。冬季偏暖及春季回暖早,沟金针虫表现出晚下早上特征,使得沟金针虫冬季休眠期缩短而为害活动期延长;土壤温度、湿度以及食源关系共同影响沟金针虫为害、休眠以及取食活动,其为害适宜土壤重量含水率约为15%~18%,适宜土壤温度为14~18℃。分析沟金针虫为害与冬小麦减产率可知,虫口密度每增加10 m^(-2)或虫口重量每增加1.0 g·m^(-2),可导致减产率增加5.1%。Based on the stratified survey data of Pleonomus canaliculatus in the soil of winter wheat and summer maize rotation field in North China Plain,the vertical activity of Pleonomus canaliculatus in the soil of winter wheat and summer maize rotation fields,the correlation between meteorological conditions and farmland planting management are observed and analyzed,and effects of Pleonomus canaliculatus damage on the yield of winter wheat are analyzed.By combining the insect population weight index with population density index,characteristics of the harm-dormancy activity of Pleonomus canaliculatus are investigated comprehensively in different soil layers.Results show that in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation growing season,there are 3 harm and 3 dormant periods,3 harm periods appear in the winter wheat regreening-jointing period,the summer maize seedling period and the autumn seedling period of winter wheat,and 3 dormant periods appear in winter wheat overwintering period,winter wheat ripening-harvesting period and summer maize filling-ripening period.Among 3 harm periods,winter wheat regreeningjointing period is the most serious,which could lead to serious yield reduction of winter wheat.Winter is warmer,and spring temperature is warmer early,so Pleonomus canaliculatus exhibits characteristics of going down late and coming up early,which shortens the dormant period in winter and prolong the harmful activity period.Soil temperature,moisture,and the relationship between food and source affect the damage,dormancy,and feeding activities of Pleonomus canaliculatus.The suitable soil moisture content for it is about 15%to 18%,and the suitable soil temperature is 14 to 18℃.In summer,Pleonomus canaliculatus may enter dormancy or reduce activity due to lack of food sources or high temperatures and humidity of soil,Pleonomus canaliculatus can enter the dormancy or reduced activity.The analysis of winter wheat yield reduction caused by Pleonomus canaliculatus damage shows that the yield reduction rate is increased b

关 键 词：沟金针虫 垂直活动 冬小麦 夏玉米 轮作田 

分 类 号：S435.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.13[农业科学—植物保护]