紫菜种质保存和扩增中污染杂藻的形态学分析与鉴定  

Morphological analysis and identification of contaminated algae in the preservation and expansion of Pyropia/Porphyra germplasm

作　　者：田翠翠 周伟[1,2] 邓银银 许广平[1] 魏良迪[1] TIAN Cuicui;ZHOU Wei;DENG Yinyin;XU Guangping;WEI Liangdi(Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong 226007,China;Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Resources Coordination Service Center,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [2]江苏省科技资源统筹服务中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2024年第4期211-218,共8页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：南通市项目(JC12022085,MS22022065);水产良种保种(紫菜)项目(2023-SJ-035)。

摘　　要：紫菜种质库为种业健康持续发展提供了科技支撑,但紫菜种质保存和扩增中常会受到杂藻(蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻)的污染。通过形态学观察及16S rRNA序列系统发育分析发现,污染蓝藻隶属3个属:细鞘丝藻属(Leptolyngbya)(JBCY01、JBCY02)、结丝藻属(Nodosilinea)(JBCY03)、异球藻属(Xenococcus)(JBCY04),其中JBCY01、JBCY02和JBCY03三者具有相同的无性繁殖方式,均通过藻体的断裂及藻殖段形成,在紫菜种质中可大量繁殖。形态学观察显示,污染绿藻隶属3个属:小球藻属(Chlorella)(JBCH01)、裂丝藻属(Stichococcus)(JBCH02)、石莼属(Ulva)曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)(JBCH03),其中JBCH01和JBCH02的繁殖方式分别是无性生殖产生似亲孢子和藻丝体断裂,可在短时间内快速增殖。污染硅藻隶属5个属:分别为舟形藻属(Navicula)(JBBA01)、针杆藻属(Synedra)(JBBA02)、直链藻属(Melosira)(JBBA03)、楔形藻属(Licmophora)(JBBA04)、曲壳藻属(Achnanthes)(JBBA05),这5个属藻体具有相似的生态特点,均为固着类型硅藻。文章通过对杂藻进行形态学观察与分子鉴定,并进一步分析其繁殖方式和生态特性,为紫菜种质保存和扩增中污染杂藻的防治提供了参考依据。The germplasm bank of Pyropia/Porphyra provides technological support for the healthy and sustainable development of the seed industry.However,the preservation and expansion of Pyropia/Porphyra is easily contaminated with filamentous cyanobacteria,green algae and diatoms.The morphological characteristics of filamentous cyanobacteria were observed,and their phylogenetic relationship were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequence.The results showed that the polluted four filamentous cyanobacteria belonged to three genera,among which two strains were Leptolyngbya(JBCY01 and JBCY02),one strain was Nodosilinea(JBCY03),and one strain was Xenecoccus(JBCY04).JBCY01,JBCY02 and JBCY03 had the same asexual reproduction mode which were easy to spread by releasing hormogonia to grow new filaments.Morphological observation showed that the polluted green algae belonged to three genera:Chlorella(JBCH01),Stichococcus(JBCH02)and Ulva flexuosa(JBCH03).JBCH01 and JBCH02 reproduction mode were the mother cell produces autospores and breakage of algal filaments respectively,which could rapidly proliferate in a short period.Polluted diatoms belonged to five genera:Navicula(JBBA01),Synedra(JBBA02),Melosira(JBBA03),Licmophora(JBBA04),Achnanthes(JBBA05).These five genera had similar ecological characteristics and were all sessile diatoms.In this paper,the morphological observation and molecular identification of the algae and the further analysis of their reproduction mode and ecological characteristics provided a reference for the prevention and control of contaminated algae in the preservation and expansion of Pyropia/Porphyra germplasm.

关 键 词：紫菜 种质 形态学观察 16S rRNA 

分 类 号：S917.3[农业科学—水产科学]