基于运动向量修改的保持块间扰动最小的HEVC信息隐藏算法  

A HEVC Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Motion Vector Modification Minimizing the Distortion between Blocks

作　　者：唐小晶 马熠 余建昌 张弘[1,2] 赵险峰 TANG Xiaojing;MA Yi;YU Jianchang;ZHANG Hong;ZHAO Xianfeng(State Key Laboratory of Information Security,Institute of Information Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100195,China;School of Cyber Security,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100195,China;Beijing Information Technology Institute,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院信息工程研究所信息安全国家重点实验室,北京100195 [2]中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院,北京100195 [3]北京信息技术研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《信息安全学报》2024年第4期139-149,共11页Journal of Cyber Security

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2022QY0101)项目资助。

摘　　要：高效视频编码(High Efficiency Video Coding, HEVC)标准能够大幅度提升压缩效率,正被广泛应用中。为提高基于运动向量修改的HEVC视频隐写算法的安全性,本文结合了HEVC标准中帧间预测编码的新技术,并利用在运动向量域进行信息嵌入扰动较小的优点,提出了一种基于运动向量修改的保持块间扰动最小的HEVC信息隐藏算法。首先,该算法量化了修改运动向量后对当前高级运动向量预测(Advanced Motion Vector Prediction, AMVP)单元和其相邻融合(Merge)模式预测单元产生的扰动代价,将运动向量垂直分量和水平分量之和作为原始载体元素。其次,结合校验网格码(Syndrome Trellis Codes, STC),寻找扰动代价最小的嵌入路径,通过修改运动向量中绝对值较大的分量将信息嵌入在AMVP模式的预测单元运动向量上。此外,为减小对视频质量的影响,利用修改后的运动向量更新运动向量差值。实验结果表明,所提方法对视频序列进行信息嵌入后,由于本文引入的扰动代价判断可以有效控制视频质量变化,对视频序列的峰值信噪比、码率影响较小,所以该方法对视频的扰动很小。而且本文算法不仅在视频质量保护上有良好的性能,还对运动向量域专用隐写分析具有良好的抗检测能力,有利于基于HEVC视频码流的隐蔽通信的进一步发展。High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC)standard can greatly improve compression efficiency,which is widely used.In order to improve the security of motion vector-based HEVC video steganography,the new technology of interframe prediction coding in HEVC is used in this paper.It also makes use of the advantage of less disturbance of information embedding in the motion vector domain,and then a motion vector-based HEVC information hiding algorithm to minimize the distortion between blocks is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the proposed algorithm defines the motion vector distortion of the current Advanced Motion Vector Prediction(AMVP)mode unit and its adjacent Merge mode units,and the sum of the vertical and horizontal components of the motion vector is taken as the original carrier element.Secondly,the Syndrome Trellis Codes(STC)is utilized to minimize the distortion.And then information hiding is realized by modifying components with large absolute values in the motion vector of selected AMVP mode units.In addition,to reduce the impact on video quality,the motion vector difference is also updated by using the modified motion vector.The experimental results show that:since the calculation method of disturbance in this algorithm can effectively reduce impact on video quality.The change of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the bitrate is effectively controlled.The algorithm in this paper has little disturbance to the video.Moreover,the algorithm in this paper not only has good performance in video quality protection,but also performs well in resisting motion vector-based steganalysis,which is conducive to the further development of hidden communication based on HEVC video.

关 键 词：信息隐藏 高效视频编码 运动向量 高级运动向量预测 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]