神圣与世俗:仙回瑶族度戒献祭仪式的教育人类学分析  

The Sacred and Secular:An Educational Anthropological Analysis of the Sacrificial Ceremony of the Dujie of the Xianhui Yao People

作　　者：罗利群[1] 高莹莹 谭鑫 Luo Liqun;Gao Yingying;Tan Xin

机构地区：[1]云南民族大学教育学院,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第2期115-122,共8页Plateau Culture Research

基　　金：云南省专业学位研究生教学案例库建设项目“基于优秀传统文化的园本活动案例库”(项目编号:126);2023年西藏自治区高等学校人文社会科学研究重点项目(项目编号:SK2023-10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：涂尔干以“神圣”与“世俗”的二元理论深刻阐述了宗教现象的特殊本质,对宗教学的发展具有里程碑意义。从本质上说,宗教是人神互构、圣俗交织而成的一种客观社会建制,反映了个体与自我、个体与社会的交互关系,介于圣与俗之间。现代社会不断变迁,科学发展、政教分离以及传统制度性宗教的衰落并未剥离个体和社会的宗教性,反而在更高层面上促进了人的世俗性与神圣性的统一。度戒作为道教、佛教与瑶族自身原始宗教融为一体的综合宗教习礼活动,象征着瑶族男子历经灵魂洗礼最终成长为完整个体的过程,是瑶族青年学习族史族规、礼仪道德和戒律条文,实现身份社会性转变的一项宗教仪式。度戒在人与神、人与人的对话中控制和建构着瑶族社会共同的信仰、价值观念、行为规范、道德评价标准甚至是生产生活方式,蕴含着深刻的神圣力量与伦理内涵。但从另外一方面来说,度戒仪式的世俗教化与宗教巫术难以分割,在发扬理想价值的同时,自身也不可避免地存在着一定的局限性,转型与反思同为重要。Tugendhat's profound exposition of the dualistic theory of'sacred'and'secular'eloquently delineates the distinctive essence of religious phenomena,marking a milestone in the development of religious studies.Essentially,religion is construed as an objective social structure,intricately woven with the interaction between humanity and the divine,and the interplay of the sacred and the mundane.Amidst the ongoing transformations of modern society,advancements in science,the separation of religion and state,and the decline of traditional institutionalized religions have not severed the religiosity inherent in individuals and society.Instead,they have facilitated a higher-level synthesis of secular and sacred dimensions within individuals.The rite of'Du Jie',a comprehensive religious ritual amalgamating Taoism,Buddhism,and indigenous Yao religion,symbolizes the journey of Yao men undergoing spiritual purification to attain complete individuality.It serves as a religious ceremony for young Yao individuals to learn their ancestral history,communal norms,ritual etiquette,and moral precepts,effectuating a transition in social identity.'Du Jie',through dialogues between humans and the divine,as well as among individuals,governs and shapes shared beliefs,values,behavioral norms,moral judgments,and even modes of production and livelihood within Yao society,encapsulating profound sacred power and ethical significance.However,from another perspective,the secularized aspects and religious rites of the‘Du Jie'ceremony are intricately intertwined.While it espouses ideal values,it inevitably harbors certain limitations,necessitating introspection and transformation,which are equally imperative.

关 键 词：瑶族 神圣与世俗 度戒仪式 教化 

分 类 号：K892[历史地理—民俗学]