中国主要城市气候舒适度时空特征  

Spatio-temporal Features of Climate Comfortability in Major Cities of China

作　　者：谭凯炎[1] 房世波[1] 俄有浩[1] Tan Kaiyan;Fang Shibo;E Youhao(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第3期1-7,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971774、42075193)。

摘　　要：人居气候舒适性是评判城市环境宜居水平的重要因素之一。利用1991-2020年中国31个主要城市的每日气象要素资料,采用室外天气舒适指数(OWCI)模型,分析了中国主要城市人居气候舒适性总体水平、舒适度年内变化类型、冬夏两季的空间差异,并剖析了城市的夏季炎热特征及其变化趋势。结果表明,中国大多数城市年平均气候舒适度高于舒适等级水平,但空间差异明显,31个主要城市一年中舒适天气累计日数均超过半年,年平均舒适日数为231天,总体人居气候环境良好。中国31个主要城市气候舒适性年内变化可分为寒冬凉夏型、冷冬凉夏型、冷冬热夏型、暖冬长夏型及四季舒适型5种类型;春秋季节天气普遍舒适,冬夏两季气候舒适性空间差异很大,冬季的差异大于夏季的,12座城市适合夏季避暑,比较适合冬季避寒的城市有海口、广州、昆明、南宁和福州。夏季酷热的城市主要分布于长江中下游流域,近30年其夏季的酷热日数和酷热程度有较明显的增加趋势。The climate comfortability is one of the important factors for evaluating the habitability of regional or urban human settlement environment.To reveal the climate comfort characteristics and their spatio-temporal changes in major cities of China,we analyze the overall climate comfort level,the intra-annual variation of climate comfortability and the spatial difference of climate comfortability in summer and winter by using outdoor weather comfort index(OWCI)model and daily meteorological data in the 31 major cities during 19912020.In addition,the characteristics of urban summer heat and its changing trend is investigated.The results show that the annual average climate comfortability in most of the cities from 1991 to 2020 is higher than the threshold of comfort level.The intra-annual accumulated days of comfort level in all the 31 major cities are 231 days on average,with more than half a year comfortable in all of the studied cities.This suggests the climate conditions are highly comfortable for human settlement in these cities of China.The intra-annual variation of climate comfortability in the 31 major cities can be classified into five types,namely,the severe winter and cool summer type,the cold winter and cool summer type,the cold winter and hot summer type,the warm winter and prolonged hot summer type,and the comfortable in the whole year type.Generally,the weather is comfortable in spring and autumn,whereas large spatial difference of climate comfortability exists in winter and summer.The difference in winter is greater than that in summer.Among the 31 cities,there are 12 cities with a climate suitable for evading summer heat,while the climate of only five cities is suitable for evading winter chill,including Haikou,Guangzhou,Kunming,Nanning and Fuzhou.The scorching cities in summer are mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and there has been an apparent upward trend in the number of scorching days and degree of intense heat in summer during the past 30 years in these cities.

关 键 词：气候舒适性 室外天气舒适指数 宜居城市 旅游与康养 避寒避暑气候 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]