日语的词汇层及相关术语的汉译问题  

Japanese Lexical Strata and the Chinese Translation of Related Terminologies

作　　者：杨文江 Yang Wenjiang(University of Macao,Macao SAR,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2024年第3期24-34,共11页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2023年度澳门大学MYRG项目“汉日同源词的话语标记演变研究”(MYRG-GRG2023-00161-FAH)的阶段研究成果。项目主持人:杨文江。

摘　　要：传统语言学把日语词汇层分为固有词、汉源词、外来词和混合词,分类的着眼点是词一级的单位,分类的依据是词的来源。近年来一些学者支持词汇层的新分类,即包括固有词、汉源词、外来词和拟声拟态词,分类的着眼点是语素一级的单位,分类的依据是语素的形态音系特征。本文认为两种分类各有分工,传统分类适用于词汇变迁的历时研究,新分类适用于音系和构词的共时研究。日语词汇层相关术语的汉语译词使用比较混乱,本文通过借鉴其他语种研究文献相关术语的使用情况分析了「漢語」「外来語」和「和語」等术语的汉译情况,提出了推荐的译词,并在此基础上讨论了日语语言学术语的汉译策略。Traditional linguistics classifies the Japanese lexical strata into four types:Yamato words,Sino-Japanese words,foreign words and hybrid words.The focus of this classification is on the word level,based on the origins of the words.However,recently some scholars have advocated a new classification of Yamato words,Sino-Japanese words,foreign words and mimetic words,which focuses on the morpheme level and the morphophonological characteristics of morphemes.This paper argues that both classifications have their own applications.The traditional classification is suitable for diachronic studies of lexical evolution,while the new classification is suitable for synchronic studies of phonology and word formation.The Chinese translations of the terminologies related to the Japanese lexical strata are confusing.By referring to the usage of related terms in the research on other languages,this paper analyzes current Chinese translations of"kango"(Sino-Japanese words),"gairaigo"(loanwords from languages other than Chinese)and"wago"(Japanese native words),and proposes alternative Chinese translations.Furthermore,a translation strategy for Japanese linguistic terminologies is also discussed.

关 键 词：日语词汇层 传统分类 新分类 语言学术语汉译 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]