老年人社会参与影响健康的机制及其变化趋势——基于群体动力理论的分析  

The Mechanism and Its Trends of Social Participation on Health among the Elderly:Analysis Based on Group Dynamics Theory

作　　者：徐雪晴 林圣爱 艾斌[1] XU Xueqing;LIN Shengai;AI Bin(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;School of Management,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081 [2]中央民族大学管理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《人口与经济》2024年第4期114-126,共13页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“老年人社会参与影响其健康机制研究”(22BRK005)。

摘　　要：基于群体动力理论视角,利用北京市居家老年人调查数据与结构方程模型,揭示出老年人社会参与影响健康的机制及其变化趋势。结论如下:首先,老年人社会参与对其健康状况的积极影响具有两条作用路径:一是老年人社会参与活动本身影响健康状况的直接路径,其路径系数极其微小;二是老年人社会参与通过形成群体动力再影响健康状况的间接路径,其路径系数相对较大,表明社会参与过程中能否形成群体动力是老年人社会参与影响健康状况的重要机制。其次,比较低龄、中龄、高龄三个年龄段老年群体两条作用路径的变化趋势,发现直接路径系数从不显著到较大,间接路径系数微弱上升,表明随着年龄的增长,老年人社会参与影响健康机制的变化趋势主要表现为直接路径作用的较大幅度上升。为此,在老年人社会参与促进健康的策略中,首先要考虑如何帮助老年人在社会参与过程中形成群体动力,其次对于高龄老年人也应该强调社会参与活动本身,这一结论为不同年龄段老年人制定有针对性的社会参与政策提供了新的思路。Based on the perspective of group dynamics theory,this study used the survey data of the elderly of homebound in Beijing and the structural equation model to reveal the mechanism and its trend of the elderly’s social participation affecting their health.The conclusion is as follows:First of all,the positive impact of the elderly’s social participation on their health status has two action paths.One is the direct path through which the elderly’s social participation itself affects their health status,with an extremely small path coefficient;the other is the indirect path through which the elderly’s social participation affects their health status through forming group dynamics,with a relatively large path coefficient.It shows that whether group dynamics can be formed in the process of social participation is an important mechanism of social participation affecting health status of the elderly.Secondly,by comparing the changing trend of the effects of the two pathways in the three age groups of young,middle and old,it is found that the direct path coefficient is from insignificant to large,and the indirect path coefficient is slightly increased,indicating that the change trend of the mechanism of the influence of social participation on health of the elderly is mainly manifested in the greater increase of the direct path effect with the increase of age.Therefore,in the strategy of the elderly’s social participation in promoting health,the first is to consider how to help the elderly to form group motivation in the process of social participation,and the second is to emphasize the activity participation itself in the social participation of the elderly.This conclusion provides a new idea for the elderly in different age groups to formulate targeted social participation policies.

关 键 词：老年人 社会参与 群体动力 健康状况 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]