施用漂白粉对海水养殖场消毒池微生物多样性和菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Bleaching Powder on Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Mariculture Disinfection Ponds

作　　者：油九菊 王蕾飞 王易帆 范卫明 夏枫峰 YOU Jiuju;WANG Leifei;WANG Yifan;FAN Weiming;XIA Fengfeng(Zhoushan Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省舟山市水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第3期88-93,共6页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：舟山市科技计划项目(2021C31025);浙江省农业农村高质量发展专项资金(舟财农〔2022〕11号).

摘　　要：为掌握漂白粉消毒对养殖进水微生物群落结构的影响,采用高通量测序技术,对比分析海水养殖场进水口经50 mg/L漂白粉泼洒消毒后0 h、12 h、24 h和48 h上中下层水样的微生物多样性及菌群结构。结果显示,养殖进水经沉淀砂滤和消毒处理后12 h,水体微生物群落丰富度和多样性最低(Chao1222、Shannon指数3.23),48 h最高(Chao1441、Shannon指数6.51);进水后细菌分属18个类群,优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,90.5%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,4.07%)、蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria,2.21%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,2.11%),较消毒前(0 h)减少7个类群,变形菌门降至24.83%,蓝藻细菌门成为非优势菌(0.02%)。消毒后12 h、24 h和48 h水体菌群分别减少11、4、6个类群;进水口相对丰度最高的菌是SAR11菌(76.10%),经沉淀、消毒后该优势菌丰度下降到3%以下,12 h最低为0.09%,12 h优势菌芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和乳球菌属(Lactococcus)相对丰度分别上升至36.73%和26.99%,24 hγ-变形菌纲未分类属(Gammaproteobacteria_Unclassified)成为优势菌,相对丰度为26.8%。同时未分类菌群others相对丰度为21.88%,随消毒时间延长,未分类菌群others 48 h相对丰度高达41.03%。研究表明,漂白粉消毒改变了消毒池水体的微生物多样性和菌群结构;养殖进水经沉淀、砂滤后,施用50 mg/L漂白粉消毒24~48 h期间应及时进入养殖内循环,以降低不明微生物随消毒水进入养殖池的风险。To grasp and understand the effect of bleaching powder disinfection on the microbial community structure of aquaculture influent,the microbial diversity and microbial community structure of disinfected water at surface,middle and bottom layers were compared and analyzed for 0 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h,using high-throughput sequencing technology.It was found that there was the minimal microbial community richness and diversity in sedimentation,sand filtration and disinfection treatment at 12 h,and the maximal at 48 h.At the level of phylum,the bacteria were showed to be belonged to 18 groups,with the dominant bacteria in Proteobacteria(90.5%),Bacteroidetes(4.07%),Cyanobacteria(2.21%)and Firmicutes(2.11%).Three groups were reduced compared to before disinfection by 24.83%in Proteobacteria,cyanobacteria becoming the non-dominant bacteria(0.02%),and by 11,4 and 6 groups in the bacterial communities at 12 h,24 h and 48 h.At the level of genus,the maximal relative abundance was observed in SAR11 unclassified(76.10%),and the abundance of the dominant bacteria was decreased to less than 3%after precipitation and disinfection,with the minimal to 0.09%at 12 h.The relative abundances of the dominant Bacillus and Lactococcus were found to be increased to 36.73%and 26.99%at 12 h respectively,and the dominant bacteria Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified with the relative abundances of 26.8%,the unclassified group others accounting for 21.88%at 24 h.The relative abundance of unclassified group others was 41.03%at 48 h with the increase of disinfection time.The findings indicated that bleaching powder disinfection changed the microbial diversity and community structure of the water environment,and 50 mg/L bleaching powder after sedimentation and sand filtration,should enter the internal circulation of the culture pond in time during 24-48 h,in order to reduce the chances of unknown microorganisms entering the internal circulation.

关 键 词：漂白粉 海水养殖 微生物多样性 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]