对《民法典》“根据宪法,制定本法”条款的规范分析  

Normative Analysis of the Article of"This Law is Enacted on the Basis of the Constitution"in Civil Code

作　　者：袁嘉谦 Yuan Jiaqian(Law School of Sichuan University,Chengdu 610044,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610044

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2024年第4期27-35,共9页Journal of Guizhou Police College

摘　　要：“根据宪法,制定本法”条款的大讨论,大的面向存在私法自治论和宪法母法论的分歧,也是民法学界和宪法学界各自固守其教义学本质对各自学科的坚守,然而,私法自治论有失偏颇,宪法母法论有待完善。下位法的立法活动既包括具体化宪法的部分,也包括吸收不违反宪法之民间规则的部分,不能简单地把宪法理解为母法,把其他法律理解为子法,但下位法的法律效力来自宪法授权,下位法需要受到宪法的合宪性控制。通过对《民法典》“根据宪法,制定本法”条款进行规范分析,规定体现了立法权法定的法治原则,彰显了宪法根本法地位,维护了法秩序统一,表明了宪法规范对民法规范的合宪性控制,保障了宪法实施。因此,在《民法典》中设置根据条款具有十分重要的规范意义。In the heated debates over the article of"this law is enacted on the basis of the constitution"in the Civil Code,there are obvious divergences between the doctrine of private law's autonomy and the doctrine of the constitution as a parent law,which also reveals both the civil law community and the constitutional law community steadfastly cling to the core tenets of their own legal doctrines within their distinct spheres of study.Nevertheless,while the doctrine of private law's autonomy shows one-sidedness,the doctrine of the constitution as a parent law needs to be enhanced.The legislation concerning inferior laws includes both parts of concretizing the constitution and absorbing folk rules that do not conflict with the constitution,and this is why the constitution should not be simply understood as a parent law with other laws understood as subordinate laws.Given that the legal validity of inferior laws is empowered by the constitution,inferior laws shall be subject to constitutionality.Through a normative analysis of the article in the Civil Code that states"this law is enacted on the basis of the constitution",this study concludes that the article reflects the principle of legislative power being legally defined,highlights the fundamental law status of the constitution,upholds the uniformity of the legal order,indicates that provisions of the Civil Code shall conform to constitutionality,and guarantees the implementation of the Constitution.Therefore,the inclusion of the aforementioned article in the Civil Code possesses normative significance.

关 键 词：宪法地位 宪法依据 宪民关系 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D921[政治法律—法学]