自然会话中的回声话语及其互动功能  

Echo Utterances and the Interactional Functions in Natural Conversation

作　　者：尹若男 Yin Ruo-nan(School of Literature,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学文学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《外语学刊》2024年第4期16-22,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费项目“回声话语的话语特征研究”(2022-KYYWF-1230)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：回声话语是互动交际中常见的语言现象,指在会话的一个相邻对及其扩展中,说话人对前述的他人话语进行形式上可还原的语义一致的独立性非回答型重复。作为回应性话语,回声话语具有互动性,其话语功能的解读依赖于互动性的对话语境。着眼于交际双方的对话互动,以言者意图为根本标准,确定回声话语的核心功能在于凸显言者对引发语及其说话人的“认同度”,并形成一个认同度不同的连续统,具体表现为认同、接受、求解、求证、怀疑和否认。回声话语的使用倾向于表达言者的高认同度,出现频率为“认同>接受>求证>求解>怀疑>否认”。根据机构性强弱,话语类型可排序为:庭审会话>医患会话>访谈会话>日常会话。4种话语类型中回声话语的互动功能呈现出共性和差异,这与不同类型话语的机构性特征存在关联。Echo utterances are common linguistic phenomenon in interaction,which refer to formally reducible,semantically consis⁃tent,syntactically independent and unanswerable repetition of the aforementioned other people's utterances by the speaker in an adjacent pair and its expansion of conversation.As responsive utterances,echo utterances have interactivity,and the interpreta⁃tion of their discourse functions depends on the interactive dialogue context.Focusing on the interaction between participants in communication,we take speaker intention as the fundamental standard,and identify the core function of echo utterances as high⁃lighting the“alignment”of the speaker,simultaneously forming a continuum of different degrees of alignment,which is affiliate,accept,seek explanation,seek confirmation,doubt,disaffiliate.The using of echo utterances usually is with high degree of a⁃lignment of the speaker.The sequence of frequency is“affiliate>accept>seek confirmation>seek explanation>doubt>disaffi⁃liate”.According to the institutional degree of the conversation,the sequence of“courtroom conversation>doctor⁃patient conver⁃sation>interview conversation>daily conversation”can be formed.Echo utterances in four discourse types have commonalities and differences in interactional functions,which are associated with institutional characteristics in different discourse types.

关 键 词：自然会话 回声话语 互动功能 言者意图 认同度 机构性 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]