西部某省监狱警察情绪耗竭状况及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of emotional exhaustion and its influencing factors among prison police in a western province

作　　者：田勇 文甄 余娟 陈鋆 张璐 冯廷勇 庞文梁 TIAN Yong;WEN Zhen;YU Juan;CHEN Jun;ZHANG Lu;FENG Tingyong;PANG Wenliang(Dazhou Prison of Sichuan Province,Dazhou,Sichuan 635002,China;Sichuan Judicial and Police Officers Professional College,Deyang,Sichuan 618000,China;The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu,Chengdu,Sichuan 610014,China;Dazhou Central Hospital Sichuan,Dazhou,Sichuan 635002,China;Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing,Sichuan 600715,China;West Sichuan Prison of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省达州监狱,四川达州635002 [2]四川司法警官职业学院,四川德阳618000 [3]成都市第三人民医院,四川成都610014 [4]达州市中心医院,四川达州635002 [5]西南大学心理学部,四川重庆600715 [6]四川省川西监狱,四川成都610065

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第3期318-323,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971026);德阳市哲学社会科学重点研究基地四川刑事执行法学研究中心2024年度专项课题(DY24XSZXFX04)。

摘　　要：目的调查西部某省监狱警察身心状况,分析其情绪耗竭状况及影响因素。方法2022年11—12月,对西部某省2127名监狱警察进行问卷调查,调查其一般资料及身心健康状况,采用《职业情绪耗竭量表》(Emotional Exhaustion Scale)、《感知组织支持量表》(Organizational Support Scale)调查其情绪耗竭和感知组织支持得分,比较一线与非一线监狱警察的身心状况差异,并对其情绪耗竭的影响因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果回收有效问卷2013份,有效率94.64%。有23.94%的监狱警察自评身体状况欠佳,一线人员自评欠佳的占比高于非一线人员(P<0.001)。监狱警察总群体中高情绪耗竭报告率为32.84%,调查对象工作压力主要来源于工作家庭不能兼顾(占85.39%)、工作责任重大(占76.55%)、督查追责(占66.67%)。多元线性回归分析结果表明:监狱警察家庭负担情况每上升1个等级(无老人和小孩,有老人或小孩,同时有老人和小孩),其情绪耗竭得分平均提高2.868分(P=0.020);相比健康身体状况者,自评身体状况欠佳的监狱警察情绪耗竭得分平均提高4.418分(P<0.001);相比无生理疾病者,出现生理疾病的监狱警察情绪耗竭得分平均提高2.915分(P=0.09);监狱警察家人对监狱工作态度每上升1个等级(非常支持、比较支持、不支持),其情绪耗竭得分平均提高3.202分(P=0.001);监狱警察每周值夜班次数每上升1个等级(0~2、3~4、≥5次),其情绪耗竭得分平均提高5.132分(P=0.008);相比非一线工作模式,一线工作模式的监狱警察情绪耗竭得分平均提高2.785分(P=0.043);感知组织支持得分每增加1分,监狱警察情绪耗竭得分平均降低5.102分(P<0.001)。结论西部某省监狱警察群体特别是一线人员工作负担大,存在一定程度的不良生理状况及情绪耗竭等负面问题。建议相关部门从强化后勤保障、优化工作模式、减轻工作负担和提升组织支持力度等方面,保Objective To investigate the physical and mental health status of prison police in a western province and analyze their emotional exhaustion and influencing factors.Methods From November to December 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 2127 prison police officers to collect general information and assess their health status.The Emotional Exhaustion Scale and Organizational Support Scale were used to measure their levels of emotional exhaustion and perceived organizational support.Differences in physical and mental health between frontline and non-frontline prison police were compared,and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing emotional exhaustion.Results A total of 2013 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effectiveness rate of 94.64%.23.94%of the prison police rated their physical health as poor,with a higher proportion among frontline staff than non-frontline staff(P<0.001).The overall detection rate of high emotional exhaustion among the prison police was 32.84%,with the main sources of work stress being the inability to balance work and family(85.39%),great work responsibilities(76.55%),and accountability inspections(66.67%).Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that for each grade increase in the family burden of prison police(neither elderly nor children,only elderly or children,both elderly and children),the emotional exhaustion score increased by an average of 2.868 points(P=0.020).Compared to those with healthy physical conditions,prison police who rated their physical health as poor had an average increase of 4.418 points in their emotional exhaustion score(P<0.001).Those with physiological diseases had an average increase of 2.915 points in their emotional exhaustion score compared to those without physiological diseases(P=0.09).For each grade increase in the level of family support for prison work(fully supportive,somewhat supportive,unsupportive),the emotional exhaustion score increased by an average of 3.202 points(P=0.001).Fo

关 键 词：监狱警察 工作压力 身心状况 职业情绪 情绪耗竭 感知组织支持 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]