宋代科举试论程式化之演进与成因——兼谈科举文体的程式迁移与定型  

The evolution and causes of the stylization of the Lun in imperial examination of the Song dynasty:also on the stylization change and stereotyping of the imperial examination literary style

作　　者：林岩[1] 覃若涵 LIN Yan;QIN Ruohan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期59-69,共11页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“南宋科举、道学与古文之学的成立”(15BZW009)。

摘　　要：宋代科举试论程式化进程始于北宋熙丰年间,而非传统看法中的南宋初年。这一转变与王安石科举改革引经义入科场密切相关。试论程式中的官题与论腰两部分直接源于经义程式,试论的程式化实乃经义程式迁移的结果。而这种迁移最早发生于北宋后期的太学,之后随时文刊本的传播而普及。试论程式虽始终未被官方制度化,但因便于考生仿效且为考官阅卷提供了便利,故在应举人数增加、试论篇幅渐长的南宋同时受到考生和考官的青睐,最终成为双方心照不宣的试论写作与评判标准。The process of stylization of the Lun in imperial examination in the Song dynasty began during the Xining and Yuanfeng periods of the Northern Song dynasty,rather than the early years of the Southern Song as traditionally believed.This change was closely related to Wang Anshi’s reform of the imperial exami-nations,which brought the Jingyi into the examination.The Guanti and the Lunyao were directly derived from the stylization of Jingyi,thus the stylization of the Lun was the result of the change from the Jingyi format.This transformation first occurred in the later period of the Northern Song in the Taixue,and gradually became widespread with the dissemination of the anthologies of imperial examination papers.The stylization of the Lun was never officially institutionalized.However,because it was easy for candidates to imitate,and was conven-ient for examiners to grade,during the Southern Song,it became a tacit standard for both candidates and ex-aminers in the writing and evaluation of the Lun in imperial examination,when both the number of candidates and the length of the essays increased.

关 键 词：试论 程式化 经义 科举文体 程式迁移 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史]