2012-2021年四川省学校肺结核疫情流行特征及就诊延迟情况  

Epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：肖月[1] 夏勇[1] 李运葵[1] 熊燕 夏岚[1] XIAO Yue;XIA Yong;LI Yunkui;XIONG Yan;XIA Lan(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第6期622-629,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的 了解2012-2021年四川省学校肺结核疫情流行特征,为进一步提升学校结核病预警、监测和防治能力提供科学依据。方法 收集2012-2021年中国疾病预防控制信息系统子系统的结核病管理信息系统和《四川省统计年鉴》中有关学生、教师肺结核疫情和人口的数据资料,采用回顾性描述的方式,用WPS Office 2019软件进行数据整理和图表制作。采用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料应用构成比或百分率进行描述,趋势分析进行趋势χ2检验,组间差异比较采用χ2检验。检验水准α=0.05,双侧检验。使用Apache ECharts网页版绘制极坐标热力图,展示各市(州)学生登记率趋势。分析学生肺结核患者登记、流行病学特征和就诊延迟情况。结果 2012-2021年四川省共登记肺结核患者493 069例,其中学生肺结核患者31 771例,占全省患者总数的6.44%;教师肺结核患者2 452例,占全省患者总数的0.50%。2021年学生肺结核登记率为30.80/10万(4 662/15 136 588),较2012年的21.17/10万(2 883/13 621 295)上升了45.49%,年均递增率为4.26%(χ^(2)_(趋势)=3 893.517,P<0.001);2021年教师肺结核登记率为28.14/10万(309/1 098 024),较2012年的41.36/10万(316/764 032)下降了31.96%,年均递降率为4.37%(χ^(2)_(趋势)=57.087,P<0.001)。2012-2016年学生肺结核登记发病高峰为3、4月,2017年登记发病高峰为3、12月,2018、2019和2021年报告高峰为3、4、8月和9月,2020年报告高峰为5、6、8和9月。对学生肺结核患者登记报告情况按照地区进行分析,2012-2021年四川省学生肺结核年均登记率为22.03/10万,年均登记率低于全省水平的共有14个市(州),高于全省水平的有7个市(州),其中最高的是甘孜州106.60/10万,最低的是自贡市11.11/10万。四川省大部分市(州)学生肺结核登记率均呈平稳或下降趋势,但阿坝州、甘孜州、凉山州上升趋势明显。学生患者就诊延迟率为55.83%(17 737/31 771),就�Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)in schools in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021,and to provide reference for further improving the ability of early warning,monitoring and prevention of tuberculosis in schools.Methods The epidemic data and the population data of students and teachers with pulmonary tuberculosis from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Statistical Yearbook of Sichuan Province.A retrospective description was used,and WPS Office 2019 software was used for data collation and chart production.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Counting data were described by proportion or percentage.Trend analysis was performed by trend Chi-square test,and differences between groups were examined by Chi-square test.The test levelαwas 0.05,and the test was two-sided.Apache ECharts web version was used to draw a polar heat map to show the trend of student registration rate in each city/prefecture.The registration,epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of students with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 493069 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were registered in Sichuan Province,including 31771 cases of students,accounting for 6.44%of the total patients in the province,and 2452 cases of teachers,accounting for 0.50%of the total patients in the province.In 2021,the registration rate of PTB among students was 30.80/105(4662/15136588),an increase of 45.49%from 21.17/105(2883/13621295)in 2012,with an average annual increase rate of 4.26%(x^(2)_(trend)=3893.517,P<0.001).The registration rate of PTB among teachers was 28.14/105(309/1098024),which was 31.96%lower than that of 2012(41.36/105,316/764032),with an average annual decline rate of 4.37%(x^(2)_(trend)=57.087,P<0.001).From 2012 to 2016,the registered incidence of PTB in students peaked in March and April.In 2017,the registe

关 键 词：结核 肺 学生 教师 就诊延迟 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]