上古汉语否定词“莫”研究的若干议题  

Issues concerning the negative mo(莫)in Archaic Chinese

作　　者：谷峰[1] GU Feng

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第4期471-485,512,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：成分排序、代词格位、对句末助词的选择、指代链等证据显示“莫”既不做主语也不是代词,上古汉语中“莫”有副词、动词两种属性。就历史来源而言,“莫”不是“无或”“无攸”的合音,也不是“无”加后缀-k形成的。虽然语源难以追溯,但是可以肯定“莫VP”脱胎于存在结构。在语义上,“莫”多数时候有全称含义,但是不体现明显的分配性。The negative mo(莫)in Archaic Chinese has been widely claimed as an adverb or a verb in previous studies.Diachronically speaking,mo is neither the fusion of wu(无)you(攸)/wu(无)huo(或),nor the suffixation of wu by adding-k.Though difficult to trace back the original form of mo,it can be assured that mo+VP originally indicated an existential meaning.This may explain why mo can express universal quantification without any distributive meaning.

关 键 词：“莫” 代词 副词 动词 存在结构 全称含义 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]