数字劳动的理论化研究新进展  

New Advances in the Theoretical Study of Digital Labor

作　　者：杨静[1,2] 郑嵘 YANG Jing;ZHENG Rong(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China;Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院,102488 [2]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第5期143-160,共18页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“马克思劳动价值论视域下数字劳动问题探究”(23ZKJC002);中国社会科学院特殊交办项目“马克思主义基本理论在实践中不断推进和丰富发展研究”(2023001)。

摘　　要：国外学者主要以“数字劳动”这一术语来涵盖在数字技术变革背景下出现的在线产消实践和经过数字技术改造的传统劳动实践。数字劳动是理解当代资本主义发展新动态的一把新钥匙,将数字劳动这一新现象进行系统的理论化,是数字经济时代理论研究的前沿问题之一。本文系统梳理了国外社会科学界涉及数字劳动理论化研究的最新进展,从国外数字劳动理论化研究的三个重要方面来进行归纳总结和深入分析。首先,扎根理论学者从对数字劳动现象的直接经验观察中建构扎根理论模型,以扎根理论为方法论,主要对零工平台与数字劳动者之间的互动实践进行多维度理论阐释,以填补既有社会科学理论无法对数字劳动新实践提供直接适用理论的空白。其次,传播政治经济学者主张复兴马克思的劳动价值理论,以此来解释在线产消实践与社交媒体平台的价值创造和价值实现之间的关系,并引发了如何正确理解和应用马克思的劳动价值理论的相关争论。再次,劳动过程理论学者主张将数字劳动研究的焦点转移到零工劳动实践上来,在独立的劳动过程理论框架下研究零工劳动者遭受的平台控制及其反抗实践。最后,本文对相关研究进展进行了评述并对未来研究方向进行了展望。Foreign scholars use the term “digital labor” to mainly cover the online production and consumption practice and the traditional labor practice transformed by digital technology against the background of digital technology change.How will these new digital labor practices revolutionize productivity and production relations? How will they affect the labor process of workers and the value multiplication of the platform capital? How do they affect the applicability and explanatory power of classical theories? It is not only a theoretical proposition to be solved urgently but also a new clue to understand the new trend of contemporary capitalism.Therefore,the systematic theorizing of the new phenomenon of digital labor is one of the frontier issues of theoretical research in the era of the digital economy.This paper systematically reviews the latest theoretical research progress of foreign social sciences involving digital labor and summarizes and analyzes the three important aspects of theoretical research on foreign digital labor.Firstly,foreign scholars of the grounded theory construct a grounded theoretical model based on their direct empirical observation of the phenomenon of digital labor,and take the grounded theory as the methodology to mainly explain the interactive practice between gig platforms and digital workers in a multi-dimensional way,promoting research on the new practice of digital labor that the existing social science theories cannot provide directly applicable theories.Secondly,foreign scholars on the political economy of communications represented by Fox advocate the revival of Marx's labor theory of value to explain the relationship between online production and consumption practice and the value creation and realization of social media platforms,triggering relevant debates on how to correctly understand and apply Marx's labor theory of value.Thirdly,foreign labor process theorists advocate shifting the focus of digital labor research to gig labor practice,and studying the platform control

关 键 词：数字劳动 扎根理论 劳动价值理论 劳动过程理论 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F49