上海市中小学教室采光照明现况及监管效果分析  

Analysis of the current status and regulatory effectiveness of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary school classrooms in Shanghai

作　　者：杨艰萍 林建海 李萍 郑朝军 王亚宁 刘佳佳 毛洁 YANG Jianping;LIN Jianhai;LI Ping;ZHENG Chaojun;WANG Yaning;LIU Jiajia;MAO Jie(Inspecting Agency,Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Shanghai(200031),China)

机构地区：[1]上海市卫生健康委员会监督所,200031

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第6期780-783,787,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的 了解上海市中小学教室采光照明现况及监管效果,为改善学校教室视觉环境提供依据。方法 于2021年4月至2023年12月,对上海市正常开设中的全部普通中小学校1 735所进行教室采光照明监测,并计算各指标合格率。采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同学段、区域、办学性质及采取监管措施(包括约谈、宣教、责令改正、发监督意见书、承诺整改期限、依法处罚)前后合格率的差异。结果 中小学教室采光照明合格率为30.1%,其中采光合格率85.6%,照明合格率32.9%;小学和中学教室采光照明合格率(32.4%,28.1%)差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.76,P>0.05),城市与乡镇(32.6%,26.7%)、公办与民办学校(31.4%,20.6%)教室采光照明合格率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为6.99,9.92,P值均<0.05)。采取监管措施整改后,教室采光照明合格率由30.1%提升至83.2%,其中采光合格率由85.6%提升至91.1%,照明合格率由32.9%提升至90.5%;整改前与整改后比较,教室采光照明合格率、采光合格率和照明合格率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为995.29,25.34,1 219.87,P值均<0.01)。结论 有效的监管措施可促进教室采光照明的改善。应重视改善学校教室照明,为学生提供良好的视觉环境。Objective To understand the current situation and regulatory effectiveness of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary school classrooms in Shanghai,so as to provide a basis for enhancing the visual environment of school classrooms.Methods From April 2021 to December 2023,the daylighting and artificial lighting conditions of classrooms in 1735 regular primary and secondary schools currently in operation in Shanghai were monitored,and the qualified rate of each indicator was calculated.The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method were used to compare the differences in qualification rates across different educational stages,regions,school type,both before and after the implementation of regulatory measures.The regulatory measures included convene interview,propaganda and education,supervision order,supervisory opinion paper,rectification requests and offenses and punishment.Results The qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary school classrooms was 30.1%,with a qualified daylighting rate of 85.6%and a qualified artificial lighting rate of 32.9%.There was no statistically significant differences in the qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in primary and secondary schools(32.4%,28.1%;χ^(2)=3.76,P>0.05).However,statistically significant differences were found in the qualified rate of daylighting and artificial lighting in urban and rural school classrooms(32.6%,26.7%),as well as in public and private schools(31.4%,20.6%)(χ^(2)=6.99,9.92,P<0.05).Following the implementation of regulatory measures,the qualified rate of classroom daylighting and artificial lighting improved from 30.1%to 83.2%,while the respective qualified rates of daylighting and artificial lighting increased from 85.6%to 91.1%and 32.9%to 90.5%.Compared to the pre-implementation period,the qualified rate of classroom daylighting and artificial lighting,as well as the respective rates of daylighting and artificial lighting,all showed statistically significant differenc

关 键 词：采光 合格鉴定 中小学生卫生保健服务 环境监测 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G627.88[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478.1[文化科学—教育学]