能源转型下基于碳排放与新能源阶梯惩罚的抽水蓄能双层优化研究  

Optimization study of a double-layer pumped storage model based on a step penalty mechanism for carbon emissions and new energy abandonment

作　　者：侯世豪 赵波 张利[1] HOU Shihao;ZHAO Bo;ZHANG Li(Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学,北京100192

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2024年第7期2414-2424,共11页Energy Storage Science and Technology

摘　　要：伴随“双碳”目标推进,高比例新能源并网,火电有序退役,抽蓄作为灵活性调节资源加快建设,合理规划是确保电力系统多能源稳定、可持续转型的重中之重。首先,本文针对高比例新能源场景,开展抽水蓄能容量规划及调度优化方法研究,以系统各电源全寿命周期成本、碳排放和弃电惩罚成本最小化为上层优化目标,以系统各电源碳排放量和风光出力波动最小化作为下层优化目标,构建抽水蓄能双层优化模型。然后,本文研究了星鸦算法与遗传算法、灰狼算法各自的优劣性,通过对星鸦算法参数自适应优化,得到具备更佳寻优能力与速度的算法,结合CPLEX对双层优化模型求解。最后,通过引入碳排放与新能源弃电阶梯惩罚机制,对模型上下层优化目标起到促进作用。算例结果表明,该区域电网中抽水蓄能需加快建设约74.21%,火电需合理退役约40.79%,同时构建模型能够有效降低系统综合成本约5.80%,减少弃风弃光约20.43%,降低系统碳排放量约25.96%,平抑风光出力波动约1.18%,验证了模型的有效性与合理规划的重要性,为电力系统中长期规划提供参考。With the implementation of the"double carbon"goal,increasing integration of new energy sources within grids,planned decommissioning of thermal power plants,and accelerated construction of pumped storage solutions as flexible regulating resources,rational planning has emerged as the most crucial factor ensuring the stability of power systems and guaranteeing the sustainable conversion of multiple energy forms.This study investigates optimization methods for pumped storage capacity planning and dispatching,considering scenarios of new energy utilization.Furthermore,it constructs a two-layer optimization model for pumped storage considering the minimization of the whole-life cycle costs,carbon emissions,and abandonment penalty costs of each power source as its upper-layer optimization objectives and the minimization of the carbon emissions and wind power fluctuations of each power source as its lower-layer optimization objectives.Subsequently,the study compares the star crow,genetic,and gray wolf algorithms,focusing on their advantages and disadvantages.By adaptively optimizing the parameters of the star crow algorithm,the study identifies the algorithm with superior optimization performance and speed and integrates it with CPLEX to solve the two-layer optimization model.Additionally,the upper and lower optimization objectives of the model are established by introducing a step penalty mechanism for carbon emissions and new energy abandonment.Experimental results reveal that regional power grids must accelerate the construction of pumped storage facilities by approximately 74.21%and reasonably decommission thermal power by approximately 40.79%.Remarkably,the developed model effectively reduces the comprehensive system cost by approximately 5.80%,decreases the abandonment rate of wind and solar power by approximately 20.43%,lowers carbon emissions by approximately 25.96%,and smooths out wind and solar power fluctuations by approximately 1.18%.These outcomes validate the effectiveness of the model and highlight the imp

关 键 词：高比例新能源 抽水蓄能 阶梯惩罚成本 双层优化 

分 类 号：TM74[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]