帝国的政治神学:维吉尔与古罗马的虔敬观念  

The Political Theology of the Empire:Virgil and the Concept of Piety in Ancient Rome

作　　者：王承教[1] Wang Chengjiao

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广州510275

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期134-143,共10页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“地中海文明与古希腊哲学起源研究”(23&ZD239)。

摘　　要：维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》不仅通过塑造“虔敬的埃涅阿斯”(pius Aeneas)形象,将“虔敬”(pietas)定义为尽心尽力履行对父母家人、祖国和诸神的责任与义务的状态,还通过狄多与埃涅埃斯之间的争吵,反映出另外一种仅指向父母家人和国家的虔敬观念,前者可谓之曰“埃涅阿斯式虔敬”,后者可谓之曰“狄多式虔敬”。观念史研究表明,从一个纯粹人伦意义上的观念开始,到奥古斯都时代最终演变为一个兼具人伦和宗教意义的观念,古罗马人的虔敬观念经历了从“狄多式虔敬”到“埃涅阿斯式虔敬”的发展。在西塞罗《论共和国》的斯基皮奥之梦里,随着罗马传统的诸神被替换为斯多亚意义上的天神,埃涅阿斯式虔敬还可以进一步发展为“鲍卢斯式虔敬”。“埃涅阿斯式虔敬”和“鲍卢斯式虔敬”这类富含宗教意义的虔敬观念不仅是终结帝国内战、促进罗马社会团结、奠定罗马社会和政治秩序的礼法手段,更是帝国扩张和帝国统治背后的政治神学基础,因而被维吉尔塑造成了古罗马民族身份认同的核心标志。Virgil’s Aeneid not only defines,through the portrayal of pius Aeneas,“pietas(piety)”as devoting wholeheartedly to one’s own parents and family,fatherland,and to the gods as well,but also presents,through the quarrel between Dido and Aeneas,another kind of piety applicable only to parents,family and the state.The former of which can be called“Aeneas’piety”,the latter“Dido’s piety”.A historical study shows that,from an idea in purely ethical sense to a concept in both ethical and religious sense,the Roman pietas went through a development from“Dido’s piety”at the very start to“Aeneas’piety”at the last.As in episode of Scipio’s Dream in Cicero’s De Re Pubilica,Aeneas’piety may be further changed into the“Paulus’piety”with the traditional Roman gods having been replaced by a Stoic god.The pietas full of religious sense in the Aeneid,“Aeneas’piety”or“Paulus’piety”may it be,is not only a ritual means to end the civil wars,to promote the unity and set down a social and political order,but also the political theological basis of the imperial expansion and domination,and was therefore moulded by Virgil into a central symbol of Roman identity.

关 键 词：维吉尔 《埃涅阿斯纪》 虔敬 政治神学 西塞罗 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学] D0[政治法律—政治学]