不同微生物菌肥对滨海盐渍土土壤质量及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Soil Quality and Maize Yield in Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：叶静 陈影 屈爽 赵文超 YE Jing;CHEN Ying;QU Shuang;ZHAO Wen-chao(College of Resource and Environmental Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;College of Land and Resources,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [2]河北农业大学国土资源学院,保定071000 [3]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,保定071000

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第7期4279-4292,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(20327506D);河北省科技厅科技对口合作项目。

摘　　要：微生物菌肥改良盐渍土具有高效环保的特点,施用功能性微生物菌肥对滨海地区盐渍障碍绿色消减和土壤质量提升有重要意义.试验基于河北省滨海地区中度盐渍土,以玉米为指示作物,在常规化肥施用基础上设置施加推荐用量的不同微生物菌肥T1(常规化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)+复合菌剂75 kg·hm^(-2))、T2(常规化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)+巨大芽孢杆菌300 kg·hm^(-2))、T3(常规化肥750kg·hm^(-2)+胶冻芽孢杆菌300 kg·hm^(-2))、T4(常规化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)+有机硅肥600 kg·hm^(-2))、T5(常规化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)+生物有机肥600 kg·hm^(-2))、T6(常规化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)+活性微藻15 kg·hm^(-2))和仅施化肥750 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)7个处理,研究玉米两个关键时期(大喇叭口期和成熟期)不同微生物菌肥对土壤养分、盐分、细菌群落和玉米产量与经济效益的影响.结果表明,相较CK,T1显著提高了全生育期土壤全氮(TN)和有效磷(AP)含量;成熟期土壤有机质(OM)含量较大喇叭口期平均增加10.35%,但各处理间无显著性差异;相较于CK,T5和T6显著降低了全生育期土壤全盐量和Ca^(2+)含量,平均降低14.51%~18.48%和24.25%~25.51%.T1显著提高全生育期细菌多样性指数,较CK提高了45.16%;土壤优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门,优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属和Geminicoccaceae.研究区细菌群落最丰富的功能是化能异养和需氧化能异养,平均相对丰度为28.89%和27.11%,T3和T6显著提高土壤氮循环功能.冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、p H和EC是驱动细菌群落结构的重要因素,相关性热图显示Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、pH和EC主要与浮霉菌门呈显著正相关,土壤OM和TN与蓝细菌显著正相关.相较CK,T6在生育期内增加了蓝细菌的相对丰度,优化了细菌群落结构.使用推荐用量的菌肥T1和T6分别提高了7.31%~24.83%的玉米产量和9.05%~23.23%的经济效益;土壤化学性质与产量相关性分析结果�Microbial fertilizers have the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection in improving saline soils,and the application of functional microbial fertilizers is of great significance for the green abatement of saline barriers and the improvement of soil quality in coastal areas.The experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the coastal area of Hebei Province,with corn as the indicator crop,on the basis of conventional chemical fertilizer application.Different microbial fertilizer treatments,namely,T1(conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+compound microbial agent 75 kg·hm^(-2)),T2(conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+Bacillus megaterium 300 kg·hm^(-2)),T3(conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+B.mucilaginosus 300 kg·hm^(-2)),T4(conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+organic silicon fertilizer 600 kg·hm^(-2)),T5(conventional chemical fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+bio-organic fertilizer 600 kg·hm^(-2)),T6(conventional fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)+active microalgae 15 kg·hm^(-2)),and CK(only fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2)),were used for these seven treatments,to study the effects of different microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients,salinity,bacterial community,and corn yield and economic efficiency during two critical periods(V12 stage and maturity stage)of corn.The results showed that compared with that in CK,T1 significantly increased soil total nitrogen(TN)and available phosphorus(AP)contents during the whole growth period.Over the whole reproductive period,soil organic matter(OM)at maturity increased by 10.35%over the V12 stage compared to that in CK,but there was no significant difference between treatments.Compared with that in CK,T5 and T6 significantly reduced soil total salinity and Ca^(2+)content during the whole growth period by an average of 14.51%-18.48%and 24.25%-25.51%.T1 significantly increased the bacterial diversity index over the whole growth period by 45.16%compared to that in CK.The dominant soil phyla were Actinobacteria,Proteobac

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 盐渍土改良 细菌多样性 玉米产量 滨海地区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]