“神”之生存史本义考释  

Research on the Living-related Original Meaning of“God”

作　　者：李章印[1] LI Zhang-yin

机构地区：[1]山东大学犹太教与跨宗教研究中心暨哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第3期35-49,共15页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目:“科学信念与宗教信仰的认识论和生存论分析”(15JJD720009)。

摘　　要：中国古代“神”概念的主要含义并不是人格神。在西方主客二分思维方式的影响下,“神”的生存史本义被掩盖了。运用生存论字源学方法考释“神”字及其构成要素的生存史本义,可以得出以下结论:“神”字之偏旁“示”的生存史本义是用以指导人生的显示和指示,而通常认为的本义,如对过世先人或四方之主的泛称以及供桌、牌位之义,在生存史上反而是派生出来的。“神”之原形字“申”的生存史本义不是作为存在者的神或人格神,而是发生于本真生存中的万物之“玄妙显示”。“申”字加“示”部而构成“神”,是为了进一步强化“玄妙显示”这种生存史本义。“神”的生存史本义,即发生在特别显示活动中的、玄妙莫测的并且能够指导人生的万物之显示。对古代训诂学和文字学典籍的生存论阐释可以有力地支持这种解释。追溯和阐明“神”字的生存史本义,有助于今人准确理解中国古代典籍。The main meaning of the concept of“god”in ancient China was not personified gods.Under the influence of the Western dichotomy thinking of subject and object,the living-related original meaning of“god”has been obscured.Using the etymological method to inspect the living-related original meaning of the character神(lit.,god)and its constituent elements,we can draw the following conclusions:the living-related original meaning of“示”—the left part of the character“shen”神(god)is the revelation and indication of life used for guidance,while the commonly believed original meaning,such as the general term for deceased ancestors or leaders of the four directions,as well as the meaning of altar and ancestral tablets,is actually derived from the living-related original meaning.The living-related original meaning of“申”—the right part of“神”,is not the god or personified god of existence,but the“mysterious revelation”of all things occurring from the true existence.The addition of“申”and“示”to form“神”is to further strengthen the living-related original meaning of“mysterious revelation”.The living-related original meaning of“god”is the manifestation of all things that occur in special revelatory activities;it is mysterious and can guide life.The living-related interpretation of ancient texts on exegesis and philology can strongly support this interpretation.Tracing and elucidating the original living-related meaning of the character“shen”神(god)can help us accurately understand ancient Chinese classics.

关 键 词：神 生存史本义 生存论字源学 玄妙显示 人格神 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]