“心易”说的发展与完成——从杨简到刘宗周  

The Development and Accomplishment of Changes-based Heart-mind Theory--from Yang Jian to Liu Zongzhou

作　　者：段重阳 DUAN Chong-yang

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院暨儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第3期50-59,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究青年项目:“王龙溪心学哲学研究”(23DZXJ01)。

摘　　要：对“一”的领会和践行构成了“心易”说的核心,也是从杨简到王阳明、刘宗周的易学哲学之特色。杨简认为“易”中万象与心的活动同属于“一气”,因而“心”与“易”基于“能动”而为“一”,也就是“直心”。但是,这样获得的“一”未能说明“心”与“物”的关系,也未能澄清工夫之根据。因此,王阳明通过心物的显隐关系和良知体用论,既澄清了“心”与“易”(物)的同体而显,也指明了工夫的途径,弥补了“直心”在应物之用上的缺陷。刘宗周通过心对“易象”的筹划作用阐明了“易”何以为“心易”,也通过“心极”阐明了“心”与“易”何以为“一”。王阳明和刘宗周将“一”把握为基于“生理”而赢获的“易”之整体,实现了“心易”说的发展和完成。The understanding and practice of“the One”constitute the core of the Changes-based heart-mind theory,and it is also a characteristic of the Yijing philosophy from Yang Jian(1141-1225)to Wang Yangming(1472-1529)and Liu Zongzhou(1578-1645).Yang Jian believes that the activities of all images and the heart-mind in“Yi”belong to the one qi(material force),so“heart”and“Yi”are unified as one based on“activity”;that means,“the heart-mind being straightforward”.However,the“one”obtained in this way fails to explain the relationship between“heart-mind”and“object”,nor does it clarify the basis of moral cultivation.Therefore,through the visible-invisible relationship between heart-mind and things and the theory of conceptual body and function of conscience,Wang Yangming clarified the manifestation of“heart-mind”and“Yi”(object)in one unity,and also pointed out the way of cultivation,making up for the shortcomings of“the heart-mind being straightforward”in the application of things.Liu Zongzhou explained the reason“Yi”is“Changes-based heart-mind thought”through the conducting function of the heart-mind on Yi images,and also explained the reason“heart”and“Yi”are one through the theory of“xin ji”(the ultimate state of heart-mind).Wang Yangming and Liu Zongzhou view“the one”as the whole of“Yi”based on“the principle of producing”,achieving the development and completion of the“Changes-based heart-mind theory”.

关 键 词：杨简 王阳明 刘宗周 心学 心易 生理 一 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B248