阿尔茨海默病早期诊断方法  

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：马瑾瑾 肖卫忠[2] MA Jinjin;XIAO Weizhong(Department of General Practice,Third Clinical Medical College of Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三临床医学院全科医学科,北京100191 [2]北京大学第三医院神经内科,北京100191

出　　处：《中国临床研究》2024年第7期1113-1119,共7页Chinese Journal of Clinical Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目(2016YFC1306300)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是导致老年人痴呆的最常见原因,是一个重要的社会公共卫生问题。我国AD的诊断率和治疗率在国际范围内偏低,公众对AD的认知匮乏。AD早期发病隐匿,不易察觉,当进入痴呆临床期出现明显认知功能障碍症状时病情已比较严重,此时治疗效果欠佳。本文对AD早期诊断方法,包括神经心理学筛查、影像学检查、生物标志物检查进行全面介绍和比较,并介绍AD定义和诊断标准的演变。近年来在临床诊断中,更倾向于多种诊断方案联合应用以提升诊断质量。随着AD定义及诊断标准的演变,生物标志物证据的作用逐渐凸显,然而其在临床实践中的应用仍然存在很大争议,还需要进一步的标准化和验证。Alzheimer s Disease(AD)is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly,which has become an important social public health problem.However,the diagnosis and treatment rates of AD in China are still low,and the public s awareness of AD is scarce.The early onset of AD is insidious and not easy to detect.When the symptoms of obvious cognitive dysfunction appear in the clinical stage of dementia,the disease is already severe.At this time,the treatment effect is not satisfactory.This paper makes a comprehensive introduction and comparison of the early diagnosis methods of AD,including neuropsychological examination,imaging examination and biomarker examination,and introduces the evolution of the definition and diagnostic criteria of AD.In recent years,in the clinical diagnosis of AD,the combination of multiple diagnostic methods is more inclined to improve the quality of diagnosis.With the evolution of the definition and diagnostic criteria for AD,the role of biomarker evidence has emerged,but the use of biomarkers in clinical practice remains controversial,and further standardization and verification are needed.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 轻度认知障碍 早期诊断 神经心理学 生物标志物 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]