英国维多利亚时代家庭女教师的教学活动和困境  

Teaching Activity and Dilemma of Governess in Victorian England

作　　者：王文礼 孙静[1] Wang Wenli;Sun Jing(School of Humanities of Jiangnan University)

机构地区：[1]江南大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育史研究》2024年第2期92-101,共10页Educational History Studies

基　　金：2023年江苏省双创人才(文化创新类)项目(JSSCRC2023565)。

摘　　要：维多利亚时代是英国经济文化发展的全盛时期,经济的高速发展促进了中产阶层的快速扩大,他们热衷于模仿贵族的生活方式,普遍开始聘用家庭女教师。家庭女教师的教学内容大多是围绕培养“家庭天使”展开的,主要教授阅读、写作和音乐等,其教学方式呆板、课堂纪律较差、教学评价方式单一,但在大多数情况下能够取得相对较好的教学效果。维多利亚时代家庭女教师的尴尬地位使她们经常处于困境之中,随着义务教育的普及和女权运动的兴起,到维多利亚时代后期,家庭女教师的人数逐渐减少,并慢慢退出历史的舞台。The era of Victoria was the heyday of British economy and culture.Unprecedented prosperity promoted the expansion of the middle class and they began to imitate the aristocratic lifestyle and hire governess.The teaching contents of governess were mostly centered on cultivating“angel in the family”,mainly including reading,writing and music.Their teaching methods were rigid,classroom discipline was poor,and teaching evaluation was single,but in most cases,the teaching effect was impressed.The awkward status of governess in the Victorian era made them fall into many difficulties and with the popularization of compulsory education and the rise of feminist movement,governess gradually declined in the late Victorian era and withdrew from the stage of history.

关 键 词：维多利亚时代 家庭女教师 教学活动 困境 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]