采用折衷规划法的客车车架多目标优化研究  

Research on Multi-objective Optimization of Coach Frame Using Compromise Programming Method

作　　者：姜立标 莫晓昊[2] 颜琳崧 JIANG Libiao;MO Xiaohao;YAN Linsong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guangzhou City University of Technology,Guangzhou 510800,China;School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]广州城市理工学院机械工程学院,广东广州510800 [2]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《汽车实用技术》2024年第14期51-56,94,共7页Automobile Applied Technology

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发项目(2019B090912001)。

摘　　要：为减小某型长途客车质量并优化其静态特性,文章提出了一种基于质量目标和刚度目标的长途客车车架轻量化方法,建立了长途客车车架有限元模型。根据长途客车运行中常见的2类工况,设置了7种静态满载工况,并对其进行了强度和刚度的有限元分析。同时,根据计算结果云图和装配关系将车架杆件划分为25组设计变量,采用折衷规划法来综合多个工况的刚度目标,并通过相对值转换将刚度目标和质量目标结合成最小目标函数,以车架最大应力为约束条件,对长途客车车架进行轻量化优化设计。优化后的结果表明,车架减重97 kg,幅度为6.2%,最大应力平均减少了8%。In order to reduce the mass of a coach and optimize its static characteristics,a lightweight method of coach frame based on mass objective and stiffness objective is proposed,and a finite element model of coach frame is established.According to two common working conditions in long-distance coach operation,7 static full-load working conditions are set up,and their strength and stiffness are analyzed by finite element method.At the same time,the frame members are divided into 25 groups of design variables according to the computed cloud image and assembly relationship,and the stiffness targets of multiple working conditions are synthesized by the compromise programming method.The stiffness objective and the mass objective are combined into the minimum objective function through the relative value conversion,and the lightweight optimization design of the coach frame is carried out with the maximum frame stress as the constraint condition.The optimized results show that the weight of the frame is reduced by 97 kg,the range is 6.2%,and the maximum stress is reduced by 8%on average.

关 键 词：轻量化 客车车架 有限元分析 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U463.32[机械工程—车辆工程]