线粒体自噬在癫痫中的研究进展  

Research progress on mitophagy in epilepsy

作　　者：高源 陈阳美[1] GAO Yuan;CHEN Yangmei(Department of Neurology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第二医院神经内科,重庆404100

出　　处：《癫痫杂志》2024年第4期320-327,共8页Journal of Epilepsy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82071458)。

摘　　要：癫痫是一种异质性的疾病,其病因机制非常复杂,它以反复的、不可预测的神经元异常放电为特征。癫痫患者主要依赖口服抗癫痫发作药物(Antiseizure medications,ASMs)进行治疗和控制疾病进展。然而,约有30%的患者对ASMs产生耐药性,导致无法缓解和治愈癫痫发作,并逐渐演变为难治性癫痫。难治性癫痫中最常见的类型是颞叶癫痫,因此,深入探索癫痫的发作原因和分子机制是寻找新的方法治疗难治性癫痫的关键。线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器,为神经元提供大量能量,并持续驱动神经元的活动。神经元依赖线粒体进行复杂的神经递质传递、突触可塑性过程,以及建立膜的兴奋性。自噬系统通过溶酶体对受损线粒体进行降解和代谢的过程称为线粒体自噬。线粒体自噬是一种维持细胞结构和功能的特定自噬途径。线粒体功能障碍可产生有危害性的活性氧,损伤细胞蛋白质和DNA或引发细胞程序性死亡。线粒体自噬有助于维持多种细胞类型中的线粒体质量控制和数量调节,并与癫痫的发生发展密切相关。线粒体自噬调节失衡是神经元异常放电和癫痫发作的原因之一,了解其相关机制对于治疗和控制癫痫患者的病情发展非常重要。Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disease with a very complex etiological mechanism,characterized by recurrent and unpredictable abnormal neuronal discharge.Epilepsy patients mainly rely on oral antiseizure medication(ASMs)the for treatment and control of disease progression.However,about 30%patients are resistance to ASMs,leading to the inability to alleviate and cure seizures,which gradually evolve into refractory epilepsy.The most common type of intractable epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy.Therefore,in-depth exploration of the causes and molecular mechanisms of seizures is the key to find new methods for treating refractory epilepsy.Mitochondria are important organelles within cells,providing abundant energy to neurons and continuously driving their activity.Neurons rely on mitochondria for complex neurotransmitter transmission,synaptic plasticity processes,and the establishment of membrane excitability.The process by which the autophagy system degrades and metabolizes damaged mitochondria through lysosomes is called mitophagy.Mitophagy is a specific autophagic pathway that maintains cellular structure and function.Mitochondrial dysfunction can produce harmful reactive oxygen species,damage cell proteins and DNA,or trigger programmed cell death.Mitophagy helps maintain mitochondrial quality control and quantity regulation in various cell types,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of epilepsy.The imbalance of mitophagy regulation is one of the causes of abnormal neuronal discharge and epileptic seizures.Understanding its related mechanisms is crucial for the treatment and control of the progression of epilepsy in patients.

关 键 词：癫痫 线粒体自噬 神经元 海马 活性氧 

分 类 号：R742.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]