人工智能在医学教育、科研和临床实践中的应用前景与挑战  

The application prospects and challenges of artificial intelligence in medical education,medical research,and clinical practice

作　　者：张俊祥 李传富[2] 吕维富 ZHANG Junxiang;LI Chuanfu;LYU Weifu(Medical Imaging Center,the Second People's Hospital of Bengbu City,Bengbu,Anhui 233000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠市第二人民医院医学影像中心,安徽蚌埠233000 [2]安徽中医药大学第一附属医院数字化影像技术实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)影像科,安徽合肥230002

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2024年第7期1085-1089,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：安徽省教育厅高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2022-031)。

摘　　要：人工智能是集多学科之大成的理论、技术、方法和应用系统,旨在模拟、延伸和扩展人类的智能,被认为是一个“加强人类”的工具。人工智能已经广泛渗透到各行各业和普通人的日常生活中,正在逐渐改变人类的工作和生活方式,并将深远地影响着社会和经济的发展。人工智能应用于医学教育、科研和临床实践,可以提高质量、提升效率、提振效果、增进效益,具有巨大的应用潜力和光明的发展前景。在医学教育中,人工智能可以整合资源、辅助教学、模拟临床学习环境、监控教学质量、学生自我评估、实现个性化学习;在医学科研中,人工智能能够进行海量数据挖掘与处理、辅助新药研发、预测疾病发展趋势和风险、辅助实验设计、结果分析和论文撰写、担当“科研助理”的角色;在临床医疗中,人工智能在辅助临床诊疗、支持临床决策、推动基层医疗“同质化”、患者监护、疾病预防、慢病随访、康复辅助、健康管理等方面颇具潜力。当然,目前人工智能在医学领域的应用也面临着多维度的挑战和困境,如隐私保护、数据安全、技术滥用、多学科融合、成本控制、法律与伦理问题等。可以预见,随着科技的进步以及相关配套法律法规和政策的完善,人工智能一定会在医学教育、科研和临床实践中发挥越来越重要的作用。Artificial intelligence(AI)is a multidisciplinary collection of theories,technologies,methods,and applications designed to simulate,extend,and expand human intelligence,and can be considered as a tool for enhancing human capabilities.AI has widely penetrated into various industries and people's daily lives,gradually changing the way humans work and live.It will undoubtedly have a profound impact on the development of society and economy.The application of AI in medical education,scientific research,and clinical practice can improve quality,efficiency,effect,and efficiency,and has enormous application potential and bright prospects.In medical education,AI can integrate resources,assist teaching,simulate clinical learning environments,monitor teaching quality,conduct student self-evaluation,and achieve personalized learning.In medical research,AI can mine and process massive data,assist in the research and development of new drugs,predict disease development trends and risks,assist in experimental design,result analysis and paper writing,and play the role of"scientific research assistant".In clinical care,AI has great potential in assisting clinical diagnosis and treatment,supporting clinical decision-making,promoting the"homogeneity"of primary care,patient monitoring,disease prevention,chronic disease follow-up,rehabilitation assistance,health management,and so on.Of course,the current application of AI in the medical field is also facing various challenges and difficulties,such as privacy protection,data security,technology abuse,multidisciplinary integration,cost control,legal and ethical issues,and so forth.It is foreseeable that with the advancement of science and technology,as well as the improvement of relevant supporting laws,regulations,and policies,AI will play an increasingly important role in medical education,scientific research,and clinical practice.

关 键 词：人工智能 医学教育 医学科研 临床医疗实践 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R-058[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]