人工智能在眼底病全程管理中的革新与挑战  

The innovation and challenge of artificial intelligence in the whole process management of fundus disease

作　　者：张明[1] 廖祺 杨婷婷[1] Zhang Ming;Liao Qi;Yang Tingting(Department of Ophthalmology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院眼科,成都610041

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2024年第7期559-565,共7页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：人工智能(AI)在眼底病全程管理中展现出革新价值与广泛应用潜力,但也面临临床转化、数据质量、算法解释性、跨文化适应性等挑战。AI在糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼底病中,实现高效筛查、精确诊断、个性化治疗建议及预后预测。然而,AI对大规模、高质量、多样化的数据集需求与现有研究数据局限性之间的矛盾,以及黑箱模型的可解释性问题、医生与患者接受度、算法普适性等挑战,阻碍了其在眼科临床的广泛普及。为应对这些挑战,研究者们正探索采用联邦学习、标准化数据收集、前瞻性试验等方法,提升AI系统的稳健性、可解释性和实用性。尽管存在挑战,AI在眼底病管理中的优势显著,包括提升筛查效率、辅助个性化治疗、揭示疾病新特征及制定精准治疗策略,并通过5G、物联网等技术推动远程医疗发展。未来研究应继续解决现存问题,充分发挥AI在眼底病防治中的潜力,推动眼科服务迈向智能化、精准化、远程化,以满足全球眼健康需求。Artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated revolutionary potential and wide-ranging applications in the comprehensive management of fundus diseases,yet it faces challenges in clinical translation,data quality,algorithm interpretability,and cross-cultural adaptability.AI has proven effective in the efficient screening,accurate diagnosis,personalized treatment recommendations,and prognosis prediction for conditions such as diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and other fundus diseases.However,there is a significant gap between the need for large-scale,high-quality,and diverse datasets and the limitations of current research data.Additionally,the black-box nature of AI algorithms,the acceptance by clinicians and patients,and the generalizability of these algorithms pose barriers to their widespread clinical adoption.Researchers are addressing these challenges through approaches such as federated learning,standardized data collection,and prospective trials to enhance the robustness,interpretability,and practicality of AI systems.Despite these obstacles,the benefits of AI in fundus disease management are substantial.These include improved screening efficiency,support for personalized treatment,the discovery of novel disease characteristics,and the development of precise treatment strategies.Moreover,AI facilitates the advancement of telemedicine through 5G and the Internet of Things.Future research should continue to tackle existing issues,fully leverage the potential of AI in the prevention and treatment of fundus diseases,and advance intelligent,precise,and remote ophthalmic services to meet global eye health needs.

关 键 词：人工智能 眼底 眼疾病 疾病管理 远程医学 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]