过去30年气候和土地利用变化对海河流域径流、泥沙及氮磷流失的影响  

Effects of climate change and land use change on runoff,sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the Haihe River Basin

作　　者：丁楠 李义博 陶福禄[1,2] DING Nan;LI Yi-bo;TAO Fu-lu(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2024年第7期1720-1734,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：中澳合作项目(177GJHZ2022052MI)。

摘　　要：海河流域在国民经济可持续发展中发挥着重要作用,同时也是中国水资源最为短缺的地区之一。人口密集、长期不适当的人类活动和气候变化加剧了该区水土流失和水资源短缺等问题。因此,研究气候变化和土地利用对海河流域径流、泥沙以及氮磷流失的影响,不仅可为流域水沙灾害的预警提供理论支撑,也可为理解流域生态环境演变规律提供重要科学依据。对1985-2015年海河流域气候、土地利用、蒸散发(ET)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和净初级生产力(NPP)等时空演变规律及其影响机制进行了解析。研究结果表明:(1)海河流域六个子流域中,各变量(ET、NDVI、NPP、径流、泥沙、氮磷等)之间的相关性存在显著的地域差异;(2)温度和降雨直接影响径流,从而间接地影响泥沙和氮磷流失;(3)蒸散发受到温度和降雨影响,直接影响径流,并间接影响泥沙和氮磷流失。由此揭示了过去30年气候和土地利用变化对径流、泥沙及氮磷流失的影响机制,对于理解流域生态环境演变规律及其调控具有重要意义。The Haihe River Basin plays an important role in the sustainable economic development of the national economy and is also one of the most water-scare regions in China.Densely populated,long-term inappropriate human activities and climate change have exacerbated the problems of soil erosion and water scarcity in the region.Therefore,studying the effects of climate change and land use on runoff,sediment,and nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the Haihe River Basin provides not only theoretical support for the early warning of water and sand haz‐ards in the region,but also an important scientific basis for understanding the evolutionary pat‐tern of the basin's ecological environment.In this study,we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of climate,land use,evapotranspiration(ET),normalized vegetation index(NDVI),and net primary productivity(NPP)in the Haihe River Basin from 1985 to 2015 and their influence mechanisms.The results show that:(1)There are significant geographical differences in the correlations among the variables(ET,NDVI,NPP,runoff,sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus,etc.)in the six sub-basins of the Haihe River Basin.(2)Temperature and precipitation directly affect runoff,and thus indirectly affect sediment and nitrogen and phosphorus loss‐es.(3)ET is directly affected by both temperature and precipitation,and it directly affects runoff,and then indirectly affects sediment and nitrogen and phosphorus losses.The paper reveals the influence of climate and land use changes on runoff,sediment and nitrogen and phosphorus losses over the past 30 years,which is of great significance to the understanding of the evolution of the ecological environment of the basin and its regulation.

关 键 词：海河流域 土地利用 气候变化 生态水文 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] X143[水利工程—水文学及水资源]