欧洲三国限酒令对国民健康及经济发展的影响分析与启示  

Analysis and Enlightenment of the Policy on National Health and Economic Development in Three European Countries

作　　者：寇文涛 刘芝荃 KOU Wentao;LIU Zhiquan(Office,Guangzhou Labor and Employment Service Management Center,Guangzhou 510010;Special treatment guarantee Affairs Department,Guangzhou Medical Insurance Service Center,Guangzhou 510600)

机构地区：[1]广州市劳动就业服务管理中心办公室,广州510010 [2]广州市医疗保险服务中心特殊待遇事务保障部,广州510600

出　　处：《食品工业》2024年第6期337-341,共5页The Food Industry

摘　　要：旨在研究酒精对健康和人口学发展趋势的影响,以及对波罗的海国家劳动力“工作寿命”损失、经济发展和生产力损失的影响。主要通过美国国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所对波罗的海三国限酒政策实施效果的研究结果,结合近三年国际权威医学期刊对酒精负面影响的研究成果进行分析。结果表明,税收和改变供应措施等酒精控制政策减少国民全因死亡率和减少了健康领域的不平等现象,而取消酒精管制政策则对人口健康产生相反的影响。同时,如果增加税收,“未经记录的酒精消费量”不一定会如预想那样增加,并且也有具体的对策来防止未经记录的酒精消费的增加。波罗的海三国限酒政策实施效果证明,饮酒是一种可预防的风险因素,可导致过早死亡和多种疾病,同时对国家经济社会发展产生多种负面因素。对我国而言,应借鉴其政策加以适当应用。Examine the effects of alcohol on health and demographic trends and on the loss of labor“working life”,economic development and lost productivity in the Baltic States,based on the results of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the results of the study on the negative effects of alcohol in international authoritative medical journals in the past three years.The results show that alcohol control policies such as taxation and supply changes reduce national all-cause mortality and reduce inequalities in health,while the removal of alcohol control policies has the opposite effect on population health.At the same time,with tax increases,“unrecorded alcohol consumption”may not necessarily increase as expected,and there are specific countermeasures to prevent an increase in unrecorded alcohol consumption.The effect of the wine restriction policy in the Baltic countries has proved that drinking is a preventable risk factor that can lead to premature death and a variety of diseases,and many negative factors for the countries’economic and social development.For China,policies should be applied appropriately.

关 键 词：限酒政策 人口健康 经济 影响 启示 波罗的海国家 

分 类 号：F426.82[经济管理—产业经济] F45