我国上市公司坏账准备计提行为特征研究——基于新金融工具准则实施的探讨  

The Characteristic of the Estimate on Allowance for Doubtful Accounts in China:Based on the Study on Implementation of CAS22 ( Revised)

作　　者：刘婷[1] 方琰 齐娟 Liu Ting

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学商学院智能财会学系/投资者保护研究院,100048

出　　处：《会计研究》2024年第4期3-22,共20页Accounting Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(22BGL087);北京市属高校教师队伍建设支持计划优秀青年人才(BPHR202203060)的资助。

摘　　要：本文手工收集应收账款会计政策与账龄明细数据,研究我国上市公司坏账准备计提行为特征,发现:首先,预期信用损失(ECL)模型具有较强盈余预测性;然而,我国大多数上市公司虽然声称已经采用ECL模型,但实际并未采用,导致坏账准备盈余预测性较弱。其次,利用A+H股先于纯A股公司执行新金融工具准则背景进行准实验研究,通过双重差分检验,发现为了避免因偏离行业水平而受到问询,我国上市公司坏账比例呈现行业趋同特征,支持可验证性动机。在新金融工具准则实施后、未被问询、法治环境较差、账龄较长的激进会计估计下,行业趋同效应更为显著。本文为“IFRS9实施后审议”提供中国经验证据,并为监管机构和准则制定机构完善新金融工具准则实施政策提供建议。This paper conducts research on the characteristics of the estimate on allowance for doubtful accounts in China by adopting a manual collection of accounting policies on accounts payable and allowance for doubtful accounts ratios.First,it is found that the credit impairment loss based on the expected credit loss(ECL)model is more predictive of future earnings.However,most listed companies in China have not actually adopted the ECL model,despite claiming to have done so.This results in a weaker earning prediction.Secondly,a quasi-experimental study was conducted utilizing the special institutional background that China’s A+H shares implement CAS22(revised)before pure A shares.The DID test revealed that when estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts ratios,listed companies in China tend to converge to the industry level in order to avoid being inquired by China’s securities regulators for deviating from the industry level,which supports the verifiability motivation hypothesis.The above trend has become more significant after the implementation of CAS22(revised),in the case of the companies that are not be inquired,in a less robust legal environment,using aggressive accounting estimates,and with a longer age of accounts receivable.This paper will provide empirical evidence on the post-implementation review of IFRS 9 and make recommendations for China’s securities regulators and accounting standard setters to enhance the implementation of CAS22(revised).

关 键 词：应收账款坏账准备 会计估计 预期信用损失模型 可验证性 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理] F832.51[经济管理—国民经济]