技术中立视角下人工智能模型训练的著作权合理使用  

Fair Use of Copyright of Artificial Intelligence Model from Technology Neutrality Perspective

作　　者：徐小奔[1,2,3] XU Xiaoben

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院 [3]中南财经政法大学数字法治研究院

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第4期86-99,共14页Law Review

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“人工智能时代知识产权制度发展研究”(项目批准号:22JJD820030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：技术中立是科技革命以来著作权合理使用制度发展的重要指导原则,在因复制技术、传播技术、计算机技术、互联网技术引发的利益冲突中发挥着协调与平衡作用,并暗含技术发展优先的价值倾向。结合著作权合理使用的“三步检验法”,因为人工智能模型在技术系统中属于底层技术资源、技术效果具有普惠性,所以模型训练过程中对海量作品的使用具有著作权法上的目的正当性。此种使用既也不会影响原作品的正常使用,并且在其他著作权保护机制的配合下也不会不合理地损害著作权人合法权益。从利益平衡的角度来看,著作权人可以通过在数字作品上设置技术措施来限制自动抓取,以及参考避风港规则为人工智能技术开发者设置合理注意义务来防止人工智能模型被滥用并给著作权人造成不合理损害,最终形成有利于人工智能发展的著作权保护与利用秩序。Technology neutrality is an important guiding principle for the development of copyright fair use system since the technological revolution,which plays a coordinating and balancing role in the conflicts of interests caused by reproduction technology,communication technology,computing technology and Internet technology,and implies the value tendency of priority on technology development.Under the "Three-Steps Test " of fair use,as artificial intelligence model training belongs to the underlying technical resources in the technical system,and the technical effect is inclusive,the use of massive works in the process of model training has the justification from the purpose of copyright law.Moreover,such use Such usc ncither affects the normal use of the original work nor unreasonably damagcs the legitimate rights and interests of the copyright owner with the cooperation of other copyright protection mechanisms.From the perspective of balance of interests,copyright owners can restrict fair use by setting technical measures on digital works,and set reasonable duty of care for AI technology developers by referring to the safe harbor rules to prevent the abuse of AI models and avoid unreasonable damage to copyright owners,which finally form an order of copyright protection and utilization conducive to the development of AI.

关 键 词：人工智能 技术中立 训练数据 著作权合理使用 利益平衡 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]