稀释接种法和二次发酵法制备的绿色木霉生物有机肥肥料效应比较研究  

Evaluation on fertilizer effects of Trichoderma viridis bio-organic fertilizer in different production processes

作　　者：邓杰 王宇蕴[1] 唐伟 魏雨泉 李季[2,3] 徐智[1,2] DENG Jie;WANG Yu-yun;TANG Wei;WEI Yu-quan;LI Ji;XU Zhi(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Organic Recycling Research Institute(Suzhou),China Agricultural University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215100;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第5期162-168,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AE0900250);国家自然科学基金项目(32160744);云南省高层次人才培养支持计划青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-249)。

摘　　要：生物有机肥中的功能性微生物是生物有机肥肥效的核心,生物有机肥的制造工艺决定了功能性微生物的数量和应用效果,绿色木霉兼具的促生和生防功能现已被广泛应用于生物有机肥的制备中。分别采用稀释接种法和二次发酵法在不同腐熟度(种子发芽指数GI值为50%、80%、100%)的堆肥物料接种绿色木霉制备生物有机肥,采用盆栽试验,研究两种工艺类型的生物有机肥在辣椒根系定殖能力及其对辣椒疫病的防控作用。结果发现,施用生物有机肥24 d后,经过二次发酵法生产的生物有机肥(分别在堆肥物料GI值为50%、80%和100%时接种绿色木霉进行二次发酵生产的生物有机肥)的绿色木霉在辣椒植株根系定殖量分别为1.5×10^(5)、2.3×10^(5)和1.02×10^(5)CFU/g,按照稀释接种法生产的生物有机肥(分别在堆肥物料GI值为50%、80%和100%时,按照稀释倍数接种绿色木霉生产的生物有机肥)的绿色木霉定殖量分别为0.29×10^(5)、0.72×10^(5)和0.24×10^(5)CFU/g;在GI值为80%的堆肥物料条件接种绿色木霉,经过二次发酵生产的生物有机肥,绿色木霉在辣椒根际定殖能力最强;经过二次发酵的生物有机肥处理的辣椒疫病防治效果显著高于按照稀释倍数接种绿色木霉制成的生物有机肥处理,且以GI值为80%的堆肥物料条件生产的生物有机肥的辣椒疫病防治效果最好。研究结果发现,以GI值为80%的堆肥物料接种绿色木霉后,采用二次发酵方式生产的生物有机肥,7 d后的绿色木霉菌增殖量为3.91倍,表现出功能性微生物最好的增殖和定殖效果。综上所述,在制备绿色木霉生物有机肥时的最佳方法是在腐熟度为80%的堆肥物料中接种绿色木霉进行二次发酵,可以提高绿色木霉的定殖效果,也可以提升绿色木霉生物有机肥的抗病效果。Functional microorganisms in bio-organic fertilizer are the core of bio-organic fertilizer efficiency.The manufacturing process of bio-organic fertilizer determines the number and application effect of functional microorganisms.Trichoderma viride has both growth promoting and biological control functions and has been widely used in the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer.Trichoderma viridis was inoculated into compost materials with different maturity(GI value of 50%,80%and 100%)by dilution inoculation method and secondary fermentation method respectively to prepare bio-organic fertilizer.Pot experiment was conducted to study the colonization ability of the two types of bio-organic fertilizer in the roots of pepper and its control effect on pepper blight.The results showed that 24 days after application of bioorganic fertilizer,when the bioorganic fertilizer was produced by secondary fermentation(the bioorganic fertilizer produced by secondary fermentation after inoculation with Trichoderma viridis when the GI value of compost material was 50%,80%and 100%,respectively)in the root colonization amount of Trichoderma viridis in pepper plants was 1.5×105,2.3×10^(5)and 1.02×10^(5)CFU/g,respectively.When the bioorganic fertilizer was produced according to dilution inoculation method(bioorganic fertilizer produced by Trichoderma viridis inoculated according to dilution ratio when the GI value of compost material was 50%,80%and 100%,respectively),the colonization amount of Trichoderma viridis was 0.29×10^(5),0.72×10^(5)and 0.24×10^(5)CFU/g,respectively.When the GI value was 80%,the bioorganic fertilizer inoculated with Trichoderma viridis and produced by secondary fermentation showed the strongest colonization ability in the rhizosphere of capsicum.The control effect of bioorganic fertilizer treated with secondary fermentation was significantly higher than that of the bioorganic fertilizer treated with Trichoderma viridis inoculated with dilution ratio,and the bioorganic fertilizer produced with GI value of 80%wa

关 键 词：不同腐熟度堆肥物料 接种工艺 绿色木霉 定殖能力 防治效果 

分 类 号：TQ440.22[化学工程—化学肥料工业] TQ920.6[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]