深耕对土壤温室气体排放影响研究进展  

Recent advances of relationship between deep tillage and soil greenhouse gas emissions

作　　者：杨小东 王刘炜 侯德义[1] YANG Xiao-dong;WANG Liu-wei;HOU De-yi(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第5期190-205,共16页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3703301)。

摘　　要：深耕作为农业耕作措施的同时,也是重要的土壤污染修复方法,然而,其对土壤温室气体排放的影响尚不明确。总结了深耕条件下土壤二氧化碳(CO_(2))、甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放规律的相关研究。深耕主要通过影响土壤物理性质(如容重、团聚体稳定性)进而影响其化学和生物学性质,从而导致温室气体排放通量发生变化。深耕可显著增加土壤CO_(2)的排放量。土壤团聚体稳定性和容重是影响CO_(2)排放的重要因子。旱地土壤是CH_(4)的“汇”,水田是CH_(4)的“源”。深耕可降低旱地土壤对CH4的吸收,增加水田土壤CH4的排放。土壤通气性能以及产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的大小和活性是影响CH_(4)排放的重要因素。深耕对N_(2)O的影响主要与土壤通气性能有关,在通气性较好的土壤中,深耕可显著增加N_(2)O的排放,但在通气性不良的土壤中则表现为降低趋势,土壤硝化和反硝化作用是影响N_(2)O排放的重要过程。此外,土壤改良方式、水分管理、气候因素和其他土壤性质等可进一步对土壤温室气体的排放产生影响。从农业可持续发展和土壤绿色低碳修复的角度出发,采用深耕方法进行农业耕作和土壤修复对气候变化的潜在影响值得进一步审慎商榷。Deep tillage is an important agricultural farming practice and soil remediation measure;however,its impact on soil greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions remains unclear.This review summarized current research on the emissions of soil carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)under deep tillage conditions.The results showed that deep tillage mainly affects soil chemical and biological properties by affecting its physical properties(e.g.,bulk density and aggregate stability),thus causing changes in GHG emissions.Deep tillage significantly increased soil CO_(2)emissions,which was mainly affected by aggregate stability and bulk density.Dryland soil was the sink of CH_(4),while paddy field was the source of CH_(4).Deep tillage reduced the absorption of CH_(4)by dryland soil and increased the emission of CH_(4)from paddy field,which was mainly due to changes in size and activity of methanogens and methane-oxidizing microbes in soil and soil aeration.The effect of deep tillage on N_(2)O was mainly related to soil aeration.In soils with good aeration conditions,deep tillage significantly increased N_(2)O emission;but in soils with poor aeration conditions,it showed a decreasing trend.Soil nitrification and denitrification were important processes affecting N_(2)O emission.In addition,soil amendment,water management,climatic factors and other soil properties could further affect GHG emissions in deep tillage soils.In conclusion,effects of deep tillage on GHG emissions should be taken into serious consideration for both agricultural and green and low-carbon remediation practices.

关 键 词：深耕 绿色低碳修复 甲烷 二氧化碳 氧化亚氮 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]