枪支有机射击残留物痕量检测技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Trace Detection Technology of Organic Gunshot Residue in Firearms

作　　者：南策 赵鹏程[1] 张祉悦 王逸飞 王宗兴 NAN Ce;ZHAO Peng-cheng;ZHANG Zhi-yue;WANG Yi-fei;WANG Zong-xing(College of Criminal Science and Technology,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110035)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳110035

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第7期772-783,共12页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：公安部科技强警基础工作专项(2023JC05,2022JC03);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2023JF12/101300097)。

摘　　要：射击残留物(GSR)是枪支发射时的重要伴生产物,GSR的分析对涉枪案件的侦查与诉讼活动中具有重要意义。传统的GSR检验主要以底火产生的无机物为主,而忽视了来自于发射药中的有机射击残留物(OGSR)成分。由于环境中普遍存在金属颗粒,以及无重金属弹药的生产和应用,常规检测方法易造成假阳性或假阴性的问题,因此OGSR的痕量检测技术正在成为研究热点。本文综述了近年来痕量OGSR检测的研究进展,重点讨论了拉曼光谱法、质谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法以及电化学法在OGSR检测中的优势以及局限性,介绍了化学计量学在OGSR痕量检测中的应用。其中,液相色谱-质谱联用法检测OGSR的前处理简单,检出限低,灵敏度高。今后研究重点可基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术获得的大量数据,并结合化学计量学的数据处理技术,构建具有快速分析识别OGSR样品的检测技术。Gunshot residue(GSR)is an important concomitant product of gun firing,and the analysis of GSR is of great significance in the investigation and litigation of gun-related cases.The traditional GSR test mainly focuses on the inorganic substances produced by primer,but neglects the organic gunshot residue(OGSR)from the propellant.Due to the widespread presence of metal particles in the environment and the production and application of non-heavy metal ammunition,conventional detection methods are prone to false positive or false negative problems.The trace detection technology of OGSR is becoming a research hotspot.The research progress of trace OGSR detection in recent years was reviewed.The advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrochemical method in OGSR detection were discussed.The application of chemometrics in trace OGSR detection was introduced.Among them,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)is a simple pre-treatment method for OGSR detection with low detection limit and high sensitivity.In the future,the focus of research is to combine the large amount of data obtained based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the data processing technology of chemometrics to build a detection technology with rapid analysis and identification of OGSR samples.

关 键 词：有机射击残留物(OGSR) 仪器分析 痕量检测 化学计量学 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ016.5[化学工程] D918.93[政治法律—法学]