不同间作方式对凉粉草品质及根际土壤特性的影响  

Effects of Different Intercropping Methods on Mesona Chinesis Quality and Its Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic

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作  者:苏海兰[1] 朱雁鸣 陈宏[1] 牛雨晴 郑梅霞[1] 朱育菁[1] SU HaiLan;ZHU YanMing;CHEN Hong;NIU YuQing;ZHENG MeiXia;ZHU YuJing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Germplasm Resources Center,Fuzhou 350011)

机构地区:[1]福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省种质资源中心,福州350011

出  处:《中国农业科学》2024年第14期2755-2770,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基  金:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600302);福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(YC2021002);福建省农业科学院科技创新及服务团队项目(CXTD2021014-2)。

摘  要:【目的】探析间作对凉粉草(Mesona chinesis)品质的影响及其作用机制,为凉粉草的高质量栽培技术开发提供理论依据。【方法】通过田间随机区组试验,设置大豆/凉粉草/玉米间作(S/M/C)和大豆/凉粉草间作(S/M)两种间作模式,并以单独种植凉粉草(M)为对照,比较不同种植模式对凉粉草品质及其根际土壤特性的影响。【结果】相比于单独种植凉粉草,S/M/C间作模式和S/M间作有利于促进凉粉草叶片和茎中的钙(Ca,叶中增加11.36%—24.20%,茎中增加33.44%—38.16%)、镁(Mg,叶增加34.41%—52.00%、茎增加15.20%—91.99%)、铁(Fe,叶中增加15.21%—15.46%)、铜(Cu,茎增加17.19%—30.73%)等元素积累。S/M/C间作时,凉粉草茎部总黄酮含量增加44.42%。两种间作显著降低了凉粉草根际土壤全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AHN)、速效钾(AK)等养分含量,显著改善了凉粉草土壤pH(M模式4.82,S/M模式5.22,S/M/C模式5.51),而pH是本研究中驱动细菌群落结构改变最重要的土壤因子。S/M/C处理显著提高凉粉草根际土壤的细菌多样性,两种间作均显著提高优势菌属芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)的相对丰度:由M模式下的3.24%分别增加至S/M模式下的5.28%和S/M/C模式下的8.09%。此外,S/M/C间作时,凉粉草根际土壤招募更多的蛭弧菌门(Bdellovibrionota)、Dependentiae、WS2等菌门及甲基孢囊菌属(Methylocystis)等菌属。【结论】大豆/凉粉草/玉米间作(S/M/C)可促进凉粉草营养元素和总黄酮等活性成分积累,有利于其品质提升。土壤pH的改善可能是S/M/C模式驱动土壤细菌多样性提高、群落结构变化的最主要因素。凉粉草根际土壤中特定细菌在S/M/C模式下的富集有利于凉粉草种植土壤的生物学特性的改善。因此,S/M/C等合理间作是实现凉粉草高质量种植的有效措施。【Objective】Exploring the impact of intercropping on the quality of Mesona chinensis and its mechanism of action,providing a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality cultivation techniques for Mesona chinensis.【Method】A field randomized block experiment was conducted,including three cropping systems,such as soybean/Mesona chinesi/corn intercropping(S/M/C),soybean/Mesona chinesi intercropping(S/M),and Mesona chinesi monoculture(M).The effects of different intercropping systems on the quality of Mesona chinensis and its rhizosphere soil characteristics were analyzed.【Result】The S/M/C and S/M intercropping were beneficial for promoting the accumulation of trace elements in Mesona chinensis leaves and stems,such as Ca(11.36%-24.20%in leaves and 33.44%-38.16%in stems),Mg(34.41%-52.00%in leaves and 15.20%-91.99%in stems),Fe(15.21%-15.46%in leaves),and Cu(17.19%-30.73%in stems).The S/M/C intercropping significantly increased the flavonoid content in the stems of Mesona chinensis by 44.42%.The two intercropping systems significantly reduced the nutrient contents of total nitrogen(TN),alkaline nitrogen(AHN),and available potassium(AK)in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis,which significantly improved the soil pH(4.82 in M,5.22 in S/M,and 5.51 in S/M/C).However,pH was the most important soil factor driving changes in bacterial community structure in this study.The S/M/C intercropping significantly improved the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis.The two intercropping systems significantly increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genus Bacillus,from 3.24%(M)to 5.28%(S/M)and 8.09%(S/M/C),respectively.In addition,the S/M/C intercropping promoted the recruitment of more bacterial phyla,such as Bdellovibrionota,Dependentiae,WS2,as well as bacterial genera such as Metrocystis in the rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis.【Conclusion】The S/M/C intercropping could promote the accumulation of flavonoids in Mesona chinensis,which was beneficial for improvin

关 键 词:间作 凉粉草 品质 土壤养分 细菌多样性 

分 类 号:S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]

 

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