轮轨摩擦自激振动导致曲线啸叫研究  

Curve squeal caused by the wheel-rail friction induced self-excited vibration

作　　者：冯晓航 陈光雄[1] 董丙杰 宋启峰 唐宇 FENG Xiaohang;CHEN Guangxiong;DONG Bingjie;SONG Qifeng;TANG Yu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第14期73-79,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175189)。

摘　　要：在地铁车辆通过狭窄的曲线轨道时,往往伴随着啸叫噪声的产生。为深入研究这一现象,该研究考虑了列车在曲线轨道行驶时的轮轨接触状态,进而建立了轮对-轨道系统的摩擦耦合有限元模型。随后,通过复特征值分析对该模型进行深入研究,并探讨了不同摩擦因数以及钢轨吸振器的类型及其参数对曲线啸叫产生趋势的影响。研究结果表明,轮对-轨道系统由于摩擦自激振动而引起的曲线啸叫噪声频率为482.4 Hz、1 205.1 Hz和2 153.9 Hz,这与现场测试结果相一致。此外,当摩擦因数大于或等于0.25时,轮对-轨道系统才会出现2 153.9 Hz的曲线啸叫噪声频率;而安装钢轨侧面吸振器及增大其连接阻尼或者选择合适的轨底吸振器结构均能有效地缓解轮对-轨道系统的摩擦自激振动。When subway vehicles traverse sharp curved tracks,they consistently generate squealing noise.To investigate this phenomenon,the wheel-rail contact conditions when the train passed through curved tracks were considered,and then the friction-coupling finite element model of a wheelset-track system was established.The complex eigenvalue analysis was performed on this model to investigate the effects of different friction coefficients,different rail vibration absorber types and parameters on the trend of curve squealing noise generation.The analysis results indicate that the frequencies of the curve squeal noise generated by the wheelset-track system due to friction self-excited vibrations are 482.4 Hz,1205.1 Hz,and 2153.9 Hz,which are corroborated with the measurement results from the on-site tests.In addition,when the friction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.25,the wheelset-track system begins to exhibit curve squealing noise at a frequency of 2153.9 Hz.Moreover,installing rail side vibration absorbers and increasing their connection damping or selecting a suitable rail bottom vibration absorber structure can effectively alleviate the friction self-excited vibration of the wheelset-track system.

关 键 词：曲线啸叫 轮轨接触 摩擦自激振动 复特征值分析 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]