中国特色学徒制发展的动力反思与机制构建  

Motivation Reflection and Mechanism Construction of the Development of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：余雅兰 刘晓萍 Yu Yalan;Liu Xiaoping

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所

出　　处：《中国职业技术教育》2024年第19期45-54,共10页Chinese Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学重大招标课题“职业教育类型特征及其与普通教育‘双轨制’‘双通制’体系构建研究”(项目编号:VJA200003,主持人:匡瑛)。

摘　　要：强政策牵引下的中国特色学徒制的后续发展动力,需要构建稳定的机制才能实现。我国乃至全球对学徒制的源需求来自工作内容的复合性改变、劳动力市场的供需关系变化以及经济发展的核心需求。在源动力的持续刺激下,如何构建我国学徒制发展的动力机制,是助推我国学徒制从模式迈向制度的关键。通过分析国际学徒制发展的内在动力、外部引力与协同推力三大动力要素,进而讨论各国政府在构建学徒制发展动力机制中发挥的作用。通过对我国学徒制动力机制构建现状的反思,指出我国在国家统一治理与地方实施的双层治理模式下,存在治理专门化程度不足、外部引力过度依赖校企双方、成本分摊缺乏长期性激励的问题。为推动我国学徒制动力机制有效落实,应采取高技术型人才需求的积极响应策略、强化治理的专门性、构建学徒制质量标准以及提供企业参与的持续性保障等。The follow-up development momentum of the apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of strong policies requires the construction of a stable mechanism to be realized.However,the demand for apprenticeship in China and even globally comes from the complex changes in job content,the supply-demand relationship in the labor market,and the core needs of economic development.Under the continuous stimulation of the source power,how to construct a driving mechanism for the development of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics is the key to promoting China's apprenticeship system from a model to a system.By analyzing the three driving factors of the development of international apprenticeship system,namely internal driving force,external attraction,and collaborative driving force,this paper discusses the role played by governments of various countries in constructing the driving force mechanism for apprenticeship system development.Through reflection on the current situation of the construction of the apprenticeship system in China,it is pointed out that under the dual governance model of national unity and local implementation,there are problems such as insufficient specialization in governance,excessive dependence on external forces,and lack of long-term incentives for both schools and enterprises and cost sharing.To promote the effective implementation of China's apprenticeship system,key strategies such as actively responding to the demand for high-tech talents,strengthening the specialization of governance,establishing quality standards for apprenticeship,and ensuring the continuity of enterprise participation should be adopted.

关 键 词：中国特色学徒制 发展动力机制 职业教育治理 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]