随心而变——多响应超疏水智能致动材料  

Change as You Want:Multi-Responsive Superhydrophobic Intelligent Actuation Material

作　　者：苏玺元 胡震临 樊烨 刘先渊 鹿现永 Xiyuan Su;Zhenlin Hu;Ye Fan;Xianyuan Liu;Xianyong Lu(College of Chemistry,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学化学学院,北京102206

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第5期228-237,共10页University Chemistry

基　　金：北京航空航天大学教改项目(2022-210)。

摘　　要：智能致动器具有将外界刺激转化为机械运动的能力,在软体机器人、人造肌肉、传感器、智能皮肤等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本新创实验通过在聚酰亚胺高分子膜表面涂覆聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚体,并喷涂石墨烯乙醇分散液,制备出一种可以利用高分子材料的热膨胀系数差异对光、电、热等刺激产生响应的超疏水智能材料。从中国传统剪纸艺术和仿生结构获得灵感,将所得超疏水材料加工成爪形构造和可变形集水装置,利用材料的超疏水性质实现其在强酸,强碱等复杂应用环境下的稳定运行。此外,通过调整刺激电流大小实现了材料致动能力的智能化编程,进一步提升了新创实验的可控性和应用性。本新创实验融汇无机化学、高分子化学、仪器分析和材料化学等多个化学学科,实现理论与应用的巧妙衔接。所选用的实验原料无毒且易得,符合绿色化学的要求,体现了实验的可持续性。通过开发新型材料的制备技术,有效提升了材料的致动性能,极大地拓展了材料的应用场景。该新创实验现象明显,操作过程趣味性强,有助于激发学生的科研兴趣,提高学生的知识应用水平,培养学生的创新意识,同时提升学生的综合素质。该实验对学生的学习和成长具有积极的促进作用。Intelligent actuators have garnered significant attention for their applications in diverse fields such as soft robotics,artificial muscles,sensors,and intelligent skins.In this innovative experiment,we successfully synthesized a superhydrophobic actuation material by employing a layer-by-layer assembly approach,incorporating polyimide film(PI),polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),and graphene.This material exhibits responsive behaviors to stimuli including light,electricity,and heat.Drawing inspiration from traditional Chinese paper-cutting techniques,we fashioned claw-shaped structures and deformable water collection devices,enabling intelligent programming even in challenging environments such as strong acids and alkalis.Serving as an effective educational tool,this experiment facilitates students’understanding of fundamental scientific principles across multiple disciplines,spanning inorganic and polymer chemistry,instrumental analysis,and materials science,while emphasizing the seamless integration of theory and application.The selection of raw materials,which are non-toxic,cost-effective,and eco-friendly,aligns with the principles of green chemistry,underscoring the experiment’s sustainability.Notably,the experimental phenomenon is readily observable,and the operation process is engaging,fostering students’enthusiasm for scientific research and innovation.This experiment offers a stimulating and enriching learning experience,nurturing students’curiosity,and proficiency in scientific inquiry.

关 键 词：智能材料 高分子膜 超疏水 多响应 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]