“化”说国漆——普漆中化学,传漆艺非遗  

Introduction of Chinese Lacquer from the Perspective of Chemistry:Popularizing Chemistry in Lacquer and Inherit Lacquer Art

作　　者：王映贤 苏田野 沈利苗 高金苹 武庆贺 Yingxian Wang;Tianye Su;Limiao Shen;Jinping Gao;Qinghe Wu(College of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学化学化工学院(碳中和未来技术学院),广东汕头515063

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第5期371-379,共9页University Chemistry

基　　金：广东省教育厅创新团队项目(2021KCXTD032)。

摘　　要：漆在中国数千年的使用沉淀出独特的漆艺文化。这里的“漆”是指大漆,从漆树中采集,主要成分漆酚通过化学反应形成漆膜,漆膜具有防潮、耐高温、耐酸碱等优良性质。大漆与色粉混合可以调制出光彩照人的色漆,被广泛地应用于髹饰、设备防腐和文物修复等。将科学与文化相结合,普漆中化学,传漆艺非遗,本文从化学的视角出发,介绍大漆中的化学成分和性质,从漆酚到漆膜发生的化学反应,设计一系列科普实验验证什么是大漆及其优良性质,让科普对象深切体会化学无处不在、化学的重要应用;介绍漆的发展历程,增加中小学生动手参与漆器制作和漆画绘制等梯度科普环节,锻炼青少年的动手能力,传递漆文化与漆艺人的工匠精神。通过糅合漆艺和化学,使科普对象领略到漆艺之美,认识到化学在漆中的重要作用,激发对化学的兴趣,从而达到弘扬漆艺非遗文化和传播化学科学知识的目的。The use of lacquer in China for thousands of years has resulted in the development of a unique lacquer art culture.The“lacquer”refers to urushi lacquer,which is collected from lacquer trees.Lacquer phenol undergoes series of chemical reactions to form a solid film with excellent properties,such as moisture resistance,high temperature resistance,and resistance to acid and alkali.Adding color powder into lacquer can produce a brilliant color paint,which is widely used in jewelry,anti-corrosion and cultural relics restoration.From the perspective of chemistry,the chemical composition,properties of lacquer and the chemical reaction of urushiol to lacquer film are introduced.Also,a series of popular science experiments are designed to verify what is lacquer and its excellent properties so that the people can deeply understand the ubiquity and importance of chemistry.The introduction of the history of lacquer,and the hands-on participation of primary and secondary school students in lacquerware production and lacquer painting drawing could exercise hands-on ability of young people,and convey the lacquer culture and the craftsman spirit of lacquer artists.The combination of lacquer art and chemistry can help the people to appreciate the beauty of lacquer art,realize the crucial role of chemistry in lacquer,and stimulate their interest in chemistry,therefore,realize the purpose of carrying forward the intangible cultural heritage of lacquer art and spreading the scientific knowledge of chemistry.

关 键 词：大漆 漆酚 化学漆 非遗 科普实验 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]