高强水稳定的木基生物塑料制备及性能  

Preparation and properties of high-strength and waterproofing wood-derived bioplastic

作　　者：刘子丰 沈震 宋光辉 陈偲 陈阁谷[1] 彭锋[1] LIU Zifeng;SHEN Zhen;SONG Guanghui;CHEN Cai;CHEN Gegu;PENG Feng(Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Biomass Chemistry(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]林木生物质化学北京市重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2024年第4期105-111,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22208023);北京市科技新星计划资助(Z211100002121099、20220484214);博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20200061);林业工程与森林培育学科创新引智基地2.0项目(BP0820033)。

摘　　要：石油基塑料制品滥用引发的“白色污染”严重危害自然环境和人类的身心健康,基于林木生物质资源的木基生物塑料因其具备生物可降解性和可持续发展性成为替代传统塑料的首选。利用天然轻木(Ochroma lagopus)的三维多孔结构和定向排列的纤维素纤维,原位交联聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)后热压制备木基生物塑料,并探究不同PAE含量对木基生物塑料干强度和湿强度的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)试验结果表明,PAE的成功引入以及密实化处理使木基生物塑料多孔结构消失,材料内部呈现出紧密且定向排列的木质纤维,有利于提高木基生物塑料的机械强度及水稳定性。力学性能研究结果表明,PAE质量分数为10%的木基生物塑料有优异的干强度(289 MPa),是天然轻木的26倍;湿强度达到161 MPa,是天然轻木的15倍。研究表明,PAE与纤维素发生共交联反应形成的酯键对木基生物塑料的湿强度提高起到关键作用。生物降解试验结果表明,相比商业塑料,木基生物塑料具有良好的可降解能力,浅埋土壤5个月内可完全降解,对减少“白色污染”具有现实意义。本研究的木基衍生材料制备方式简单,具有优异机械性能、水稳定性和可降解性的木基生物塑料在替代石油基塑料方面具有潜在应用前景。With people's pursuit of convenience and technological advancement,a wide variety of plastic products have begun to enter the homes of millions of people.However,the accumulation of plastic products has severely burdened the natural soil and water resources.At the same time,the incineration method used to eliminate plastic products will bring highly toxic substances into the air.The“white pollution”caused by abusing petroleum-based plastic products seriously harms the natural environment and human physical and mental health.Therefore,wood-derived bioplastics based on forest biomass resources have become the first choice to replace traditional plastics because of their biodegradability and sustainable development.Nevertheless,poor water-resistant and low mechanical properties of most wood-derived bioplastics greatly hinder their practical applications.In this regard,this work proposed a green and fa-cile approach to utilize the three-dimensional porous structure and oriented arrangement of cellulose fibers of natural balsa wood to fabricate bioplastics,in which the wood-derived bioplastics were prepared by hot-pressing after in-situ distribution of polyamide epichlorohydrin(PAE).PAE is a non-toxic water-soluble cationic thermosetting resin and has advantages of low cost,environmentally friendly,low dosage,and good effect of humidification and strength.The effects of different PAE contents on the dry and wet strengths of wood-derived bioplastics were investigated.The examination results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed the successful introduction of PAE into wood structure.The wood-derived bioplastics demonstrated a tight directional arrangement of wood fiber structure after densification,which contributed to the enhanced tensile strength and improved water-resistant of the wood-derived bioplastics.The mechanical properties of wood-derived bioplastics with PAE content of 10%exhibited an excellent dry strength(289 MP

关 键 词：天然轻木 PAE 木基生物塑料 高强水稳定 

分 类 号：TQ321[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]